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beginning place

Толкование Перевод

1 beginning

noun

Anfang, der; Beginn, der

at or in the beginning — am Anfang

at the beginning of February/the month — Anfang Februar/des Monats

at the beginning of the day — zu Beginn des Tages

from beginning to end — von Anfang bis Ende; von vorn bis hinten

from the [very] beginning — [ganz] von Anfang an

have its beginnings in something — seine Anfänge od. seinen Ursprung in etwas (Dat.) haben

[this is] the beginning of the end — [das ist] der Anfang vom Ende

go back to the beginning — wieder von vorne anfangen

* * *

noun der Anfang

* * *

be·gin·ning

[bɪˈgɪnɪŋ]

I. n

1. (starting point) Anfang m; (in time) Beginn m

at [or in] the \beginning am Anfang, zu Beginn

the \beginning of the end der Anfang vom Ende

from \beginning to end (place) von vorn bis hinten; (temporal) von Anfang bis Ende, von der ersten bis zur letzten Minute

at the \beginning of the month am Monatsanfang

we will meet at the \beginning of the month wir treffen uns Anfang des Monats

promising [or ( form) auspicious] \beginning viel versprechender Anfang

2. (origin)

▪ \beginnings pl Anfänge pl, Ursprung m

the \beginnings of civilization die Anfänge [o der Ursprung] der Zivilisation

to rise from humble \beginnings sich akk aus kleinen Verhältnissen hocharbeiten

3. (start)

▪ \beginnings pl erste Anzeichen

I've got the \beginnings of a headache ich glaube, ich bekomme Kopfschmerzen

4.

▶ in the \beginning was the Word REL ( prov) am Anfang war das Wort

II. adj attr, inv Anfangs-

\beginning course Anfängerkurs m

\beginning stage Anfangsstadium nt

\beginning student Studienanfänger(in) m(f)

* * *
[bI'gInɪŋ]
n

1) (= act of starting) Anfang m

to make a beginning — einen Anfang machen

2) (= place, of book etc) Anfang m; (temporal also) Beginn m; (of river) Ursprung m

at the beginning — anfänglich, zuerst

at the beginning of sth — am Anfang or (temporal also) zu Beginn einer Sache (gen)

the wedding will be at the beginning of July — die Hochzeit findet Anfang Juli statt

the beginning of time/the world —

in the beginning (Bibl) — am Anfang

from the beginning — von Anfang an

from the beginning of the week/poem — seit Anfang or Beginn der Woche/vom Anfang des Gedichtes an

read the paragraph from the beginning — lesen Sie den Paragrafen von (ganz) vorne

from beginning to end — von vorn bis hinten; (temporal) von Anfang bis Ende

to start again at or from the beginning — noch einmal von vorn anfangen

to begin at the beginning —

the beginning of negotiations — der Beginn der Verhandlungen, der Verhandlungsbeginn

3) (= origin) Anfang m; (of custom, movement) Entstehen nt no pl

the shooting was the beginning of the rebellion — die Schießerei bedeutete den Beginn or Anfang der Rebellion

it was the beginning of the end for him — das war der Anfang vom Ende für ihn

his humble beginnings — seine einfachen Anfänge

from humble beginnings — aus einfachen Verhältnissen

Nazism had its beginnings in Germany —

the beginnings of science — die Anfangsgründe der Naturwissenschaft

* * *

beginning s

1. Anfang m, Beginn m:

at ( oder in) the beginning am oder im oder zu Anfang, anfangs;

at the beginning of anfangs (gen);

at the beginning of the week am Wochenanfang;

from the (very) beginning (ganz) von Anfang an;

from beginning to end von Anfang bis Ende;

it’s the beginning of the end das ist der Anfang vom Ende; → academic.ru/5835/battle">battle Bes Redew

2. Ursprung m

3. pl Anfänge pl (einer Wissenschaft etc)

* * *

noun

Anfang, der; Beginn, der

at or in the beginning — am Anfang

at the beginning of February/the month — Anfang Februar/des Monats

at the beginning of the day — zu Beginn des Tages

from beginning to end — von Anfang bis Ende; von vorn bis hinten

from the [very] beginning — [ganz] von Anfang an

have its beginnings in something — seine Anfänge od. seinen Ursprung in etwas (Dat.) haben

[this is] the beginning of the end — [das ist] der Anfang vom Ende

go back to the beginning — wieder von vorne anfangen

* * *

n.

Anbruch -¨e m.

Anfang -ë m.

Antritt -e m.

Beginn -e m.

Entstehung f.

English-german dictionary > beginning
2 beginning

noun

beginning n principio / comienzo

at the beginning of September al principio de septiembre

beginning

tr[bɪ'gɪnɪŋ]

noun

1 principio, comienzo

■ the beginning of the film el principio de la película

2 (cause) origen nombre masculino, causa

■ the beginning of the quarrel la causa de la disputa

plural noun beginnings

1 (origins) orígenes nombre masculino plural

■ he never discussed his humble beginnings nunca habló de sus orígenes humildes

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

at the beginning of a principios de

■ at the beginning of December a principios de diciembre

from beginning to end desde el principio hasta el final

the beginning of the end el principio del fin

beginning [bɪ'gɪnɪŋ] n

: principio m, comienzo m

beginning

adj.

• comienzo, -a adj.

• inicio, -a adj.

• novato, -a adj.

• novel adj.

• principiante adj.

• principio, -a adj.

n.

• comienzo s.m.

• iniciación s.f.

• nacimiento s.m.

• origen s.m.

• principio s.m.

• umbral s.m.

bɪ'gɪnɪŋ
noun

a) (in time, place) principio m, comienzo m

the beginning of the end — (set phrase) el principio del fin

at the beginning of the year/of June — a principios del año/de junio

I'll start again from the beginning — volveré a empezar desde el principio

from beginning to end — de principio a fin

b) (origin, early stage) (often pl) comienzo m, inicio m

c) (start, debut) (no pl) comienzo m

[bɪ'ɡɪnɪŋ]
N
1) [of speech, book, film etc] principio m, comienzo m

at the beginning of — al principio de

at the beginning of the century — a principios de siglo

the beginning of the end — el principio del fin

right from the beginning — desde el principio

from beginning to end — de principio a fin, desde el principio hasta el final

in the beginning — al principio

to make a beginning — empezar

2) (=origin) origen m

from humble beginnings — de orígenes modestos

Buddhism had its beginnings... — el budismo tuvo sus orígenes...

he had the beginnings of a beard — tenía un asomo de barba

* * *
[bɪ'gɪnɪŋ]
noun

a) (in time, place) principio m, comienzo m

the beginning of the end — (set phrase) el principio del fin

at the beginning of the year/of June — a principios del año/de junio

I'll start again from the beginning — volveré a empezar desde el principio

from beginning to end — de principio a fin

b) (origin, early stage) (often pl) comienzo m, inicio m

c) (start, debut) (no pl) comienzo m

English-spanish dictionary > beginning
3 beginning

be·gin·ning [bɪʼgɪnɪŋ] n

1) ( starting point) Anfang m; ( in time) Beginn m;

at [or in] the \beginning am Anfang, zu Beginn;

the \beginning of the end der Anfang vom Ende;

from \beginning to end ( place) von vorn bis hinten;

( temporal) von Anfang bis Ende, von der ersten bis zur letzten Minute;

at the \beginning of the month am Monatsanfang;

we will meet at the \beginning of the month wir treffen uns Anfang des Monats;

promising [or ( form) auspicious] \beginning viel versprechender Anfang

2) \beginnings pl ( origin) Anfänge mpl, Ursprung m;

the \beginnings of civilization die Anfänge [o der Ursprung] der Zivilisation;

to rise from humble \beginnings sich akk aus kleinen Verhältnissen hocharbeiten

3) \beginnings pl ( start) erste Anzeichen;

I've got the \beginnings of a headache ich glaube, ich bekomme Kopfschmerzen

PHRASES:

in the \beginning was the Word rel; ( prov) am Anfang war das Wort adj

attr, inv Anfangs-;

\beginning course Anfängerkurs m;

\beginning stage Anfangsstadium nt;

\beginning student Studienanfänger(in) m(f)

English-German students dictionary > beginning
4 place

pleis
1. noun
1) (a particular spot or area: a quiet place in the country; I spent my holiday in various different places.) sitio, lugar

2) (an empty space: There's a place for your books on this shelf.) sitio

3) (an area or building with a particular purpose: a market-place.) lugar, sitio, local

4) (a seat (in a theatre, train, at a table etc): He went to his place and sat down.) sitio, asiento

5) (a position in an order, series, queue etc: She got the first place in the competition; I lost my place in the queue.) lugar, puesto

6) (a person's position or level of importance in society etc: You must keep your secretary in her place.) sitio

7) (a point in the text of a book etc: The wind was blowing the pages of my book and I kept losing my place.) página, punto

8) (duty or right: It's not my place to tell him he's wrong.) función, papel, deber, obligación

9) (a job or position in a team, organization etc: He's got a place in the team; He's hoping for a place on the staff.) puesto, trabajo

10) (house; home: Come over to my place.) casa

11) ((often abbreviated to Pl. when written) a word used in the names of certain roads, streets or squares.) plaza

12) (a number or one of a series of numbers following a decimal point: Make the answer correct to four decimal places.) punto/espacio decimal

2. verb
1) (to put: He placed it on the table; He was placed in command of the army.) colocar, poner, situar

2) (to remember who a person is: I know I've seen her before, but I can't quite place her.) situar, recordar, identificar

•

- place-name
- go places
- in the first
- second place
- in place
- in place of
- out of place
- put oneself in someone else's place
- put someone in his place
- put in his place
- take place
- take the place of

place¹ n

1. lugar / sitio

we visited lots of places visitamos muchos sitios

2. sitio / plaza / asiento

there are two free places over there allí hay dos sitios libres

3. casa

he's got a little place on the coast tiene una casita en la costa

in place of en vez de

to take place tener lugar / ocurrir / celebrarse

where did the battle take place? ¿dónde tuvo lugar la batalla?

place² vb poner / colocar

he placed the gun on the table puso la pistola en la mesa

to place an order hacer un pedido

El gerundio de place se escribe placing

place

tr[pleɪs]

noun

1 (particular position, part) lugar nombre masculino, sitio

■ we visited lots of different places fuimos a muchos sitios diferentes

■ this looks like the place me parece que es aquí

2 (proper position) lugar nombre masculino, sitio; (suitable place) lugar nombre masculino adecuado, sitio adecuado

■ put the book back in its place devuelve el libro a su sitio

■ this isn't the place to discuss business éste no es el lugar más indicado para hablar de negocios

3 (building) lugar nombre masculino, sitio; (home) casa, piso

■ let's go to my place vamos a mi casa

4 (in book) página

■ I've lost my place he perdido la página

5 (seat) asiento, sitio; (at table) cubierto

■ can you save my place? ¿me guardas el sitio?

■ everybody go back to their places todo el mundo a su sitio

6 (position, role, rank) lugar nombre masculino; (duty) obligación nombre femenino

■ there will always be a place for you here siempre habrá un lugar para ti aquí

■ if I were in your place yo en tu lugar

■ it's not my place to tell you what to do yo no soy quién para decirte lo que tienes que hacer

7 (in race, contest) puesto, lugar nombre masculino, posición nombre femenino; (in queue) turno

■ our horse finished in last place nuestro caballo llegó el último

8 (job) puesto; (at university, on course) plaza; (on team) puesto

transitive verb

1 (put - gen) poner; (- carefully) colocar

■ she placed the vase on the shelf puso el florero en el estante

2 (find home, job for) colocar

3 (rank, class) poner, situar

4 (remember - face, person) recordar; (- tune, accent) identificar

■ I recognize his face, but I can't quite place him me suena su cara, pero no sé de qué

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

all over the place por todas partes, por todos lados

a place in the sun una posición destacada

in place en su sitio

in place of somebody / in somebody's place en el lugar de alguien

in the first place... en primer lugar...

out of place fuera de lugar

there's no place like home no hay nada como estar en casa

to be placed first «(second etc)» ocupar el primer (segundo etc) puesto, llegar el primero (segundo etc)

to change places with somebody cambiar de sitio con alguien

to fall into place / fit into place / slot into place encajar, cuadrar

■ things are beginning to fall into place las cosas empiezan a cuadrar

to have friends in high places tener amigos influyentes

to give place to something dar paso a algo

to go from place to place ir de un lugar a otro, ir de un sitio a otro, ir de un lado a otro

to go places llegar lejos

to hold something in place sujetar algo

to know one's place saber el lugar que le corresponde a uno

to place a bet hacer una apuesta

to place an order hacer un pedido

to place one's trust in somebody depositar su confianza en alguien

to put oneself in somebody's place ponerse en el lugar de alguien

to put somebody in his place poner a alguien en su sitio

to take place tener lugar

to take second place pasar a un segundo plano

to take the place of ocupar el sitio de, reemplazar, sustituir

decimal place SMALLMATHEMATICS/SMALL punto decimal

place of birth lugar nombre masculino de nacimiento

place of residence domicilio

place of worship lugar nombre masculino de culto

place mat individual nombre masculino

place name topónimo

place ['pleɪs] vt, placed ; placing

1) put, set: poner, colocar

2) situate: situar, ubicar, emplazar

to be well placed: estar bien situado

to place in a job: colocar en un trabajo

3) identify, recall: identificar, ubicar, recordar

I can't place him: no lo ubico

4)

to place an order : hacer un pedido

place n

1) space: sitio m, lugar m

there's no place to sit: no hay sitio para sentarse

2) location, spot: lugar m, sitio m, parte f

place of work: lugar de trabajo

our summer place: nuestra casa de verano

all over the place: por todas partes

3) rank: lugar m, puesto m

he took first place: ganó el primer lugar

4) position: lugar m

everything in its place: todo en su debido lugar

to feel out of place: sentirse fuera de lugar

5) seat: asiento m, cubierto m (a la mesa)

6) job: puesto m

7) role: papel m, lugar m

to change places: cambiarse los papeles

8)

to take place : tener lugar

9)

to take the place of : sustituir a

place (Computing)

n.

• ubicación (Informática) s.f.

n.

• empleo s.m.

• encargo s.m.

• local s.m.

• lugar s.m.

• paraje s.m.

• plaza s.f.

• puesto s.m.

• recinto s.m.

• sitio s.m.

v.

• asentar v.

• colocar v.

• emplazar v.

• fijar v.

• instalar v.

• localizar v.

• meter v.

• poner v.

(§pres: pongo, pones...) pret: pus-

pp: puesto

fut/c: pondr-•)

• situar v.

• ubicar v.

I pleɪs
noun

1)

a) c (spot, position, area) lugar m, sitio m

she was in the right place at the right time and got the job — tuvo la suerte de estar allí en el momento oportuno y le dieron el trabajo

there's no place like home — no hay nada como estar en casa

from place to place — de un lugar or un sitio or un lado a otro

this is no place for a dog — éste no es un lugar apropiado para tener un perro

there's a time and (a) place for everything — todo a su debido tiempo y en su debido lugar

to have friends in high places — tener* amigos influyentes

all over the place — por todas partes, por todos lados

to fall into place — aclararse

to go places: this boy will go places — este chico va a llegar lejos

b) ( specific location) lugar m

place of birth — lugar de nacimiento

c) (in phrases)

in place: when the new accounting system is in place cuando se haya implementado el nuevo sistema de contabilidad; to hold something in place sujetar algo; out of place: modern furniture would look out of place in this room quedaría mal or no resultaría apropiado poner muebles modernos en esta habitación; I felt very out of place there — me sentí totalmente fuera de lugar allí

d) u ( locality) lugar m

2) c

a) (building, shop, restaurant etc) sitio m, lugar m

the hotel was a depressing place — el hotel era deprimente

they've moved to a bigger place — se han mudado a un local (or a una casa) más grande

there's a good pizza place nearby — hay una buena pizzería cerca

b) ( home) casa f

my place — mi casa

we went back to Jim's place — después fuimos a (la) casa de Jim or (AmL tb) fuimos donde Jim or (RPl tb) a lo de Jim

3) c

a) (position, role) lugar m

if I were in your place — yo en tu lugar, yo que tú

it's not my place to interfere — yo no soy quién para meterme

I wouldn't change places with her for anything — no me cambiaría por ella por nada

nobody can ever take your place — nadie podrá jamás ocupar tu lugar or reemplazarte

to know one's place — (dated or hum) saber* el lugar que le corresponde a uno

to put somebody in her/his place — poner* a algn en su lugar

b)

in place of — (as prep) en lugar de

c)

to take place — ( occur) \<\<meeting/concert/wedding\>\> tener* lugar

we don't know what took place that night — no sabemos qué ocurrió or qué sucedió aquella noche

4) c

a) ( seat)

save me a place — guárdame un asiento or un sitio

the hall has places for 500 people — la sala tiene capacidad or cabida para 500 personas

b) ( at table) cubierto m

to lay/set a place for somebody — poner* un cubierto para algn

5) c (in contest, league) puesto m, lugar m

he took first place — obtuvo el primer puesto or lugar

your social life will have to take second place — tu vida social va a tener que pasar a un segundo plano

6) c (in book, script, sequence)

you've made me lose my place — me has hecho perder la página (or la línea etc) por donde iba

the audience laughed in all the right places — el público se rió cuando había que reírse

7) c

a) ( job) puesto m

to fill a place — cubrir* una vacante

b) (BrE Educ) plaza f

c) ( on team) puesto m

8) ( in argument) lugar m

in the first/second place — en primer/segundo lugar

II

transitive verb

1) (put, position) \<\<object\>\> poner*; (carefully, precisely) colocar*; \<\<guards/sentries\>\> poner*, apostar*, colocar*

how are you placed (for) next week? — ¿cómo estás de tiempo la semana que viene?

to place one's confidence o trust in somebody/something — depositar su (or mi etc) confianza en alguien/algo

2)

a) (in hierarchy, league, race)

national security should be placed above everything else — la seguridad nacional debería ponerse por encima de todo

this victory places her among the top three — este triunfo la sitúa entre las tres primeras

the team is currently placed fourth — actualmente el equipo ocupa el cuarto puesto or lugar

b) ( in horseracing)

to be placed — llegar* placé or colocado ( en segundo o tercer lugar)

3)

a) (find a home, job for) colocar*

they placed her with a Boston firm — la colocaron or le encontraron trabajo en una empresa de Boston

b) \<\<advertisement\>\> poner*; \<\<phone call\>\> pedir*; \<\<goods/merchandise\>\> colocar*

we placed an order with Acme Corp — hicimos un pedido a Acme Corp

4) ( identify) \<\<tune\>\> identificar*, ubicar* (AmL)

her face is familiar, but I can't quite place her — su cara me resulta conocida pero no sé de dónde or (AmL tb) pero no la ubico

5) ( direct carefully) \<\<ball/shot\>\> colocar*

[pleɪs]
1. N

1) (gen) lugar m, sitio m

this is the place — este es el lugar, aquí es

we came to a place where... — llegamos a un lugar donde...

• the furniture was all over the place — los muebles estaban todos manga por hombro

we're all over the place — tenemos un lío que no nos aclaramos

• in another or some other place — en otra parte

• any place will do — cualquier lugar vale or sirve

• it all began to fall into place — todo empezó a tener sentido

• when the new law/system is in place — cuando la nueva ley/el nuevo sistema entre en vigor

a blue suit, worn in places — un traje azul, raído a retazos

the snow was a metre deep in places — había tramos or trozos en que la nieve cubría un metro

• this is no place for you — este no es sitio para ti

there was no place to hide — no había donde esconderse

• to run in place — (US) correr en parada

• it must be some place else — (US) estará en otra parte

• a place in the sun — (fig) una posición envidiable

2) (specific) lugar m

• place of amusement — lugar m de diversión

• place of birth — lugar m de nacimiento

• place of business — [of employment] lugar m de trabajo; (=office) oficina f, despacho m ; (=shop) comercio m

• place of refuge — refugio m, asilo m

• place of residence — domicilio m, residencia f

• place of worship — templo m, lugar m de culto

3) (=town, area) lugar m, sitio m

it's a small place — es un pueblo pequeño

• to go places — (US) (=travel) viajar, conocer mundo

he's going places * — (fig) llegará lejos

we like to go places at weekends — durante los fines de semana nos gusta salir de excursión

• from place to place — de un sitio a otro

he drifted from place to place, from job to job — iba de un sitio a otro, de trabajo en trabajo

4) (=house) casa f ; (=building) sitio m

his place in the country — su casa de campo

they have a new place now — tienen una nueva casa ya

we were at Peter's place — estuvimos en casa de Pedro, estuvimos donde Pedro *

come to our place — ven (a visitarnos) a casa

my place or yours? — ¿en mi casa o en la tuya?

I helped him out when he had no place to go — yo le eché una mano cuando no tenía donde ir

there's a new pizza place in town — han abierto un sitio de pizzas en el centro

I must be mad, working in this place — debo de estar loca para trabajar en este sitio or lugar

5) (in street names) plaza f

6) (=proper or natural place) sitio m, lugar m

does this have a place? — ¿tiene esto un sitio determinado?

this isn't the place to discuss politics — no es el lugar más indicado para hablar de política

• his troops were in place — sus tropas estaban en su sitio

he checked that his tie was in place — comprobó que llevaba bien puesta or colocada la corbata

the final arrangements are now in place — ya se han ultimado los preparativos que faltaban

everything in its place — cada cosa en su lugar

to hold sth in place — sujetar algo en su lugar

to put sth back in its place — devolver algo a su sitio

• to be out of place — estar fuera de lugar

it looks out of place here — aquí parece que está fuera de (su) lugar

that remark was quite out of place — aquella observación estaba fuera de lugar

I feel rather out of place here — me siento como que estoy de más aquí, aquí me siento un poco fuera de lugar

• to laugh in or at the right place — reírse en el momento oportuno

7) (in book) página f

• to find/ lose one's place — encontrar/perder la página

• to mark one's place — poner una marca (de por dónde se va) en un libro

8) (=seat) asiento m ; (in cinema, theatre) localidad f ; (at table) cubierto m ; (in queue) turno m ; (in school, university, on trip) plaza f ; (in team) puesto m

are there any places left? — ¿quedan plazas?

is this place taken? — ¿está ocupado este asiento?

he managed to keep his place in the team — logró conservar su puesto en el equipo

a university place — una plaza en la universidad

• to change places with sb — cambiar de sitio con algn

• to give place to — dar paso a

• to lay an extra place for sb — poner otro cubierto para algn

• to lose one's place — (in queue) perder su turno

9) (=job, vacancy) puesto m

his uncle found him a place in the firm — su tío le buscó un puesto en la compañía

places for 500 workers — 500 puestos de trabajo

to seek a place in publishing — buscarse una colocación or un puesto en una casa editorial

10) (=position) lugar m

it is not my place to do it — no me toca a mí hacerlo

put yourself in my place — ponte en mi lugar

if I were in your place — yo en tu lugar, yo que tú

your place is to obey orders — lo tuyo es obedecer órdenes

• I wouldn't mind changing places with her! — ¡no me importaría estar en su lugar!

• friends in high places — amigos mpl bien situados

• to know one's place — saber cuál es su lugar

• racism has no place here — aquí no hay sitio para el racismo

• she occupies a special place in the heart of the British people — ocupa un rincón especial en el corazón del pueblo británico

• to take the place of sth/sb — sustituir or suplir algo/a algn

nobody could ever take his place — nadie sería capaz de sustituirlo

I was unable to go so Sheila took my place — yo no pude ir, así que Sheila lo hizo por mí

11) (in series, rank) posición f, lugar m

• to work sth out to three places of decimals — calcular algo hasta las milésimas or hasta con tres decimales

• Madrid won, with Bilbao in second place — ganó Madrid, con Bilbao en segunda posición or segundo lugar

• she took second place in the race/Latin exam — quedó la segunda en la carrera/el examen de Latín

he didn't like having to take second place to his wife in public — delante de la gente no le gustaba quedar en un segundo plano detrás de su mujer

for her, money takes second place to job satisfaction — para ella un trabajo gratificante va antes que el dinero

- put sb in his place

12) (other phrases)

• in the first/ second place — en primer/segundo lugar

• in place of — en lugar de, en vez de

• to take place — tener lugar

the marriage will not now take place — ahora la boda no se celebrará, ahora no habrá boda

there are great changes taking place — están ocurriendo or se están produciendo grandes cambios

2. VT

1) (=put) (gen) poner; (more precisely) colocar

she placed the dish on the table — puso el plato en la mesa

place the mask over your nose and mouth — colóquese la mascarilla sobre la nariz y la boca

to place a matter in sb's hands — dejar un asunto en manos de algn

the drought is placing heavy demands on the water supply — la sequía está poniendo en serios apuros al suministro de agua

his job places heavy demands on him — su trabajo le exige mucho

unemployment places a great strain on families — el desempleo somete a las familias a una fuerte presión

2) (=give, attribute) [+ blame] echar (on a); [+ responsibility] achacar (on a); [+ importance] dar, otorgar more frm (on a)

• I had no qualms about placing my confidence in him — no tenía ningún reparo en depositar mi confianza en él

• they place too much emphasis on paper qualifications — le dan demasiada importancia a los títulos

• we should place no trust in that — no hay que fiarse de eso

3) (=situate) situar, ubicar

the house is well placed — la casa está bien situada

we are better placed than a month ago — estamos en mejor situación que hace un mes

he is well placed to see it all — está en una buena posición para observarlo todo

we are well placed to attack — estamos en una buena posición para atacar

how are you placed for money? — ¿qué tal andas de dinero?

4) (Comm) [+ order] hacer; [+ goods] colocar; (Econ) [+ money, funds] colocar, invertir

goods that are difficult to place — mercancías fpl que no encuentran salida

to place an advert in a paper — poner un anuncio en un periódico

to place a contract for machinery with a French firm — firmar un contrato con una compañía francesa para adquirir unas máquinas

to place an order (for sth) (with sb) — hacer un pedido (de algo) (a algn)
bet 3., 1)
5) (=find employment for) [agency] encontrar un puesto a, colocar; [employer] ofrecer empleo a, colocar; (=find home for) colocar

the child was placed with a loving family — el niño fue (enviado) a vivir con una familia muy cariñosa

6) (of series, rank) colocar, clasificar

to be placed — (in horse race) llegar colocado

they are currently placed second in the league — actualmente ocupan el segundo lugar de la clasificación

Vigo is well placed in the League — Vigo tiene un buen puesto en la Liga

she was placed in the top group for maths — en matemáticas la colocaron en el grupo de los mejores

7) (=recall, identify) recordar; (=recognize) reconocer; (=identify) identificar, ubicar (LAm)

I can't place her — no recuerdo de dónde la conozco, no la ubico (LAm)

3.

VI
(US) (in race, competition)
to place second — quedar segundo, quedar en segundo lugar

4.

CPD

place card N — tarjeta que indica el lugar de alguien en la mesa

place kick N — (Rugby) puntapié m colocado; (Ftbl) tiro m libre

place mat N — bajoplato m, salvamanteles m inv individual

place name N — topónimo m
place names (as study, in general) toponimia f
the place names of Aragon — la toponimia aragonesa

place setting N — cubierto m

* * *

I [pleɪs]
noun

1)

a) c (spot, position, area) lugar m, sitio m

she was in the right place at the right time and got the job — tuvo la suerte de estar allí en el momento oportuno y le dieron el trabajo

there's no place like home — no hay nada como estar en casa

from place to place — de un lugar or un sitio or un lado a otro

this is no place for a dog — éste no es un lugar apropiado para tener un perro

there's a time and (a) place for everything — todo a su debido tiempo y en su debido lugar

to have friends in high places — tener* amigos influyentes

all over the place — por todas partes, por todos lados

to fall into place — aclararse

to go places: this boy will go places — este chico va a llegar lejos

b) ( specific location) lugar m

place of birth — lugar de nacimiento

c) (in phrases)

in place: when the new accounting system is in place cuando se haya implementado el nuevo sistema de contabilidad; to hold something in place sujetar algo; out of place: modern furniture would look out of place in this room quedaría mal or no resultaría apropiado poner muebles modernos en esta habitación; I felt very out of place there — me sentí totalmente fuera de lugar allí

d) u ( locality) lugar m

2) c

a) (building, shop, restaurant etc) sitio m, lugar m

the hotel was a depressing place — el hotel era deprimente

they've moved to a bigger place — se han mudado a un local (or a una casa) más grande

there's a good pizza place nearby — hay una buena pizzería cerca

b) ( home) casa f

my place — mi casa

we went back to Jim's place — después fuimos a (la) casa de Jim or (AmL tb) fuimos donde Jim or (RPl tb) a lo de Jim

3) c

a) (position, role) lugar m

if I were in your place — yo en tu lugar, yo que tú

it's not my place to interfere — yo no soy quién para meterme

I wouldn't change places with her for anything — no me cambiaría por ella por nada

nobody can ever take your place — nadie podrá jamás ocupar tu lugar or reemplazarte

to know one's place — (dated or hum) saber* el lugar que le corresponde a uno

to put somebody in her/his place — poner* a algn en su lugar

b)

in place of — (as prep) en lugar de

c)

to take place — ( occur) \<\<meeting/concert/wedding\>\> tener* lugar

we don't know what took place that night — no sabemos qué ocurrió or qué sucedió aquella noche

4) c

a) ( seat)

save me a place — guárdame un asiento or un sitio

the hall has places for 500 people — la sala tiene capacidad or cabida para 500 personas

b) ( at table) cubierto m

to lay/set a place for somebody — poner* un cubierto para algn

5) c (in contest, league) puesto m, lugar m

he took first place — obtuvo el primer puesto or lugar

your social life will have to take second place — tu vida social va a tener que pasar a un segundo plano

6) c (in book, script, sequence)

you've made me lose my place — me has hecho perder la página (or la línea etc) por donde iba

the audience laughed in all the right places — el público se rió cuando había que reírse

7) c

a) ( job) puesto m

to fill a place — cubrir* una vacante

b) (BrE Educ) plaza f

c) ( on team) puesto m

8) ( in argument) lugar m

in the first/second place — en primer/segundo lugar

II

transitive verb

1) (put, position) \<\<object\>\> poner*; (carefully, precisely) colocar*; \<\<guards/sentries\>\> poner*, apostar*, colocar*

how are you placed (for) next week? — ¿cómo estás de tiempo la semana que viene?

to place one's confidence o trust in somebody/something — depositar su (or mi etc) confianza en alguien/algo

2)

a) (in hierarchy, league, race)

national security should be placed above everything else — la seguridad nacional debería ponerse por encima de todo

this victory places her among the top three — este triunfo la sitúa entre las tres primeras

the team is currently placed fourth — actualmente el equipo ocupa el cuarto puesto or lugar

b) ( in horseracing)

to be placed — llegar* placé or colocado ( en segundo o tercer lugar)

3)

a) (find a home, job for) colocar*

they placed her with a Boston firm — la colocaron or le encontraron trabajo en una empresa de Boston

b) \<\<advertisement\>\> poner*; \<\<phone call\>\> pedir*; \<\<goods/merchandise\>\> colocar*

we placed an order with Acme Corp — hicimos un pedido a Acme Corp

4) ( identify) \<\<tune\>\> identificar*, ubicar* (AmL)

her face is familiar, but I can't quite place her — su cara me resulta conocida pero no sé de dónde or (AmL tb) pero no la ubico

5) ( direct carefully) \<\<ball/shot\>\> colocar*

English-spanish dictionary > place
5 place of beginning

point de départ m

English-French architecture and construction dictionary > place of beginning
6 place of beginning

punto de partida m

English-Spanish architecture and construction dictionary > place of beginning
7 place, of, beginning

( land description)

point m de départ

English-French legislative terms > place, of, beginning
8 in the beginning

в начало

at the beginning — в начале

beginning mark — метка начала

at the beginning of — в начале

beginning of the press — начало жима

at the very beginning — в самом начале

Синонимический ряд:

at first (other) at first; at the commencement; at the outset; at the start; in the first place; right off the bat; up front

English-Russian base dictionary > in the beginning
9 to fall into place / fit into place / slot into place

to fall into place / fit into place / slot into place

encajar, cuadrar

■ things are beginning to fall into place las cosas empiezan a cuadrar

English-spanish dictionary > to fall into place / fit into place / slot into place
10 in the first place

1. сначала; во-первых

2. во-первых

Синонимический ряд:

in the beginning (other) at first; at the commencement; at the outset; at the start; in the beginning; right off the bat; up front

English-Russian base dictionary > in the first place
11 start

[stɑ:t, Am stɑ:rt] n

usu sing

1) ( beginning) Anfang m, Beginn m;

the race got off to an exciting \start das Rennen fing spannend an;

promising \start viel versprechender Anfang;

to give sb a \start jdm Starthilfe geben ( fig)

Uncle Bill has agreed to give Jenny a \start in his business Onkel Bill ist einverstanden, Jenny bei ihrem Start ins Berufsleben zu helfen, indem er sie in seinem Unternehmen anfangen lässt;

to make a \start on sth mit etw dat anfangen [o beginnen];

to make an early/late \start früh/spät beginnen;

to make a fresh \start einen neuen Anfang machen, noch einmal beginnen;

at the [very] \start of sth [ganz] am Anfang einer S. gen;

at the \start of the opera zu Beginn der Oper;

at the \start of the week [am] Anfang der Woche;

from the \start von Anfang an;

from \start to finish von Anfang bis Ende;

for a \start zunächst [einmal];

we'll take names and phone numbers for a \start wir notieren zunächst einmal Namen und Telefonnummern

2) ( foundation) of a company Gründung f

3) sports ( beginning place) Start m

4) ( beginning time) Start m;

early/late \start früher/später Start;

false \start Fehlstart m

5) ( beginning advantage) Vorsprung m;

to have a good \start in life einen guten Start ins Leben haben;

to have a \start [on sb] [jdm gegenüber] einen Vorsprung haben;

to get the \start of sb ( Brit) jdn überrunden;

to give sb a \start jdm einen Vorsprung geben

6) ( sudden movement) Zucken nt;

he woke with a \start er schreckte aus dem Schlaf hoch;

to give a \start zusammenzucken;

to give sb a \start jdn erschrecken;

you gave me such a \start! du hast mich so erschreckt!

PHRASES:

to do sth by fits and \starts etw stoßweise tun;

a rum [or queer] \start (Brit, Aus) ( fam) eine komische Sache;

it's a rum \start, John's wife turning up alone in Manchester like that es ist schon komisch, dass Johns Frau so allein in Manchester auftaucht;

it's a queer \start when the boss suddenly comes all over friendly irgendetwas stimmt nicht, wenn der Chef auf einmal so freundlich ist vi

1) ( begin) anfangen;

there are performances all day on the hour \starting at 10 o'clock ab 10 Uhr gibt es stündlich den ganzen Tag Aufführungen;

we only knew two people in London to \start with anfangs kannten wir nur zwei Leute in London;

don't \start! hör auf [damit]! ( fam)

don't \start - I've already told you why it's not possible fang nicht schon wieder [damit] an - ich habe dir schon gesagt, warum es nicht geht;

don't you \start! jetzt fang du nicht auch noch an! ( fam)

to \start at the beginning ( said to begin a narration) vorn anfangen;

well, to \start at the beginning,... nun, zunächst einmal muss man sagen, dass...;

to \start afresh [or [all over] again] von neuem beginnen;

to \start to do sth anfangen[,] etw zu tun;

to \start by doing sth mit etw dat beginnen;

you could \start by weeding the flowerbeds du könntest mit dem Unkrautjäten in den Blumenbeeten beginnen;

to get \started [on sth] [mit etw dat] beginnen;

let's get \started on this load of work lasst uns mit der vielen Arbeit anfangen;

let's \start lass uns anfangen, packen wir's an ( fam)

to \start on sth mit etw dat beginnen;

to \start with,... ( fam) zunächst einmal...

2) (fam: begin harassing, attacking)

to \start on sb sich dat jdn vornehmen ( fam); [o ( fam) vorknöpfen];

3) ( begin a journey) losfahren;

we'll need to \start early wir müssen früh los[fahren];

to \start after sb/ sth jdm/etw folgen

4) ( begin to operate) vehicle, motor anspringen

5) ( begin happening) beginnen;

the relaxation class is \starting [up] next month die Entspannungsgymnastik findet nächsten Monat zum ersten Mal statt

6) ( jump in surprise) zusammenfahren, hochfahren;

he \started at the sound of the phone er fuhr beim Klingeln des Telefons hoch;

to \start out of sleep aus dem Schlaf hochfahren [o hochschrecken] vt

1) ( begin)

to \start [doing] sth anfangen[,] etw zu tun;

when do you \start your new job? wann fängst du mit deiner neuen Stelle an?;

he \started his career as an accountant er begann seine Karriere als Buchhalter;

he \started work at 16 mit 16 begann er zu arbeiten;

we \start work at 6.30 every morning wir fangen jeden Morgen um 6.30 Uhr mit der Arbeit an;

to \start a family eine Familie gründen

2) ( set in motion)

to \start sth etw ins Leben rufen;

the new magazine will \start publication in November das neue Magazin wird im November zum ersten Mal erscheinen;

to \start a fashion/ a tradition/ a trend eine Moderichtung/eine Tradition/einen Trend begründen;

to \start a fight [or quarrel] Streit anfangen [o ( fam) anzetteln];

to \start a fire Feuer machen;

to \start litigation einen Prozess anstrengen, vor Gericht gehen;

to \start legal proceedings gerichtliche Schritte unternehmen [o einleiten];

to \start a meeting eine Sitzung eröffnen;

to \start trouble Ärger machen;

to \start something ( fam) etwas ins Rollen bringen ( fam)

3) mech

to \start sth etw einschalten;

to \start a car ein Auto starten;

to \start a machine eine Maschine anstellen;

to \start a motor einen Motor anlassen

4) econ

to \start a business ein Unternehmen gründen;

to \start sb in sth jdm bei etw dat Starthilfe geben;

Paul \started him in the dairy business Paul verschaffte ihm einen Start in der Molkerei

5) (fam: cause sb to do sth)

to \start sb doing sth jdn dazu veranlassen, etw zu tun

English-German students dictionary > start
12 show

1. noun
1) (display) Pracht, die

a show of flowers/colour — eine Blumen-/Farbenpracht

show of force/strength — etc. Demonstration der Macht/Stärke usw.

be on show — ausgestellt sein

put something on show — etwas ausstellen

2) (exhibition) Ausstellung, die; Schau, die

dog show — Hundeschau, die

3) (entertainment, performance) Show, die; (Theatre) Vorstellung, die; (Radio, Telev.) [Unterhaltungs]sendung, die; see also academic.ru/70491/steal">steal 1. 1)

4) (coll.): (effort)

it's a poor show — das ist ein schwaches Bild

put up a good/poor show — eine gute/schlechte Figur machen

good show! — gut [gemacht]!

5) (coll.): (undertaking, business)

it's his show — er ist der Boss (ugs.)

run the show — der Boss sein (ugs.)

give the [whole] show away — alles ausquatschen (salopp)

6) (outward appearance) Anschein, der

make a great show of friendliness — ungeheuer freundlich tun

make or put on a [great] show of doing something — sich (Dat.) [angestrengt] den Anschein geben, etwas zu tun

be for show — reine Angeberei sein (ugs.)

do something just for show — etwas nur aus Prestigegründen tun
2. transitive verb,
p.p. shown or showed

1) (allow or cause to be seen) zeigen; vorzeigen [Pass, Fahrschein usw.]

show somebody something, show something to somebody — jemandem etwas zeigen

have nothing/something to show for it — [dabei] nichts/etwas zum Vorzeigen haben

that dress shows your petticoat — bei diesem Kleid sieht man deinen Unterrock

this material does not show the dirt — auf diesem Material sieht man den Schmutz nicht; see also colour 1. 5); sign 1. 5)

2) (manifest, give evidence of) zeigen; beweisen [Mut, Entschlossenheit, Urteilsvermögen usw.]

show hesitation — zaudern

he is showing his age — man sieht ihm sein Alter an

3)

show [somebody] kindness/mercy — freundlich [zu jemandem] sein/Erbarmen [mit jemandem] haben

show mercy on or to somebody — Erbarmen mit jemandem haben

4) (indicate) zeigen [Gefühl, Freude usw.]; [Thermometer, Uhr usw.:] anzeigen

as shown in the illustration — wie die Abbildung zeigt

frontiers are shown by blue lines and towns are shown in red — Grenzen sind durch blaue Linien und Städte sind rot gekennzeichnet

the accounts show a profit — die Bücher weisen einen Gewinn aus

the firm shows a profit/loss — die Firma macht Gewinn/Verlust

5) (demonstrate, prove) zeigen

show somebody that... — jemandem beweisen, dass...

it all/just goes to show that... — das beweist nur, dass...

it all goes to show, doesn't it? — das beweist es doch, oder?

I'll show you/him etc.! — ich werd's dir/ihm usw. schon zeigen!

show somebody who's boss — jemandem zeigen, wer das Sagen hat

6) (conduct) führen

show somebody over or round the house/to his place — jemanden durchs Haus/an seinen Platz führen
3. intransitive verb,
p.p. shown or showed

1) (be visible) sichtbar od. zu sehen sein

he was angry/bored, and it showed — er war wütend/langweilte sich, und man sah es [ihm an]

his age is beginning to show — man sieht ihm sein Alter allmählich an

2) (be shown) [Film:] laufen; [Künstler:] ausstellen

"Gandhi" - now showing in the West End — "Gandhi" - Jetzt im West End

3) (make something known)

time will show — man wird es [ja] sehen

Phrasal Verbs:

- show in

- show off

- show out

- show round

- show through

- show up

* * *
[ʃəu] 1. past tense - showed; verb
1) (to allow or cause to be seen: Show me your new dress; Please show your membership card when you come to the club; His work is showing signs of improvement.) zeigen

2) (to be able to be seen: The tear in your dress hardly shows; a faint light showing through the curtains.) sich sehen lassen

3) (to offer or display, or to be offered or displayed, for the public to look at: Which picture is showing at the cinema?; They are showing a new film; His paintings are being shown at the art gallery.) zeigen

4) (to point out or point to: He showed me the road to take; Show me the man you saw yesterday.) zeigen

5) ((often with (a)round) to guide or conduct: Please show this lady to the door; They showed him (a)round (the factory).) zeigen

6) (to demonstrate to: Will you show me how to do it?; He showed me a clever trick.) zeigen

7) (to prove: That just shows / goes to show how stupid he is.) zeigen

8) (to give or offer (someone) kindness etc: He showed him no mercy.) erweisen
2. noun
1) (an entertainment, public exhibition, performance etc: a horse-show; a flower show; the new show at the theatre; a TV show.) die Schau

2) (a display or act of showing: a show of strength.) zur Schau stellen

3) (an act of pretending to be, do etc (something): He made a show of working, but he wasn't really concentrating.) der Schein

4) (appearance, impression: They just did it for show, in order to make themselves seem more important than they are.) die Schau

5) (an effort or attempt: He put up a good show in the chess competition.) der Eindruck

•

- showy
- showiness
- show-business
- showcase
- showdown
- showground
- show-jumping
- showman
- showroom
- give the show away
- good show! - on show
- show off
- show up
* * *

show

[ʃəʊ, AM ʃoʊ]

I. NOUN

1. (showing) Bekundung f geh, Demonstration f geh

those members who had made the most open \shows of defiance surprisingly abstained diejenigen Mitglieder, die ihre Ablehnung am deutlichsten bekundet hatten, enthielten sich überraschenderweise der Stimme

his refusal was a childish \show of defiance seine Weigerung war eine kindische Trotzreaktion

\show of force Machtdemonstration f geh

\show of kindness Geste f der Freundlichkeit

\show of solidarity Solidaritätsbekundung f geh

\show of strength/unity Demonstration f der Stärke/Einigkeit geh

the troops paraded in a \show of strength through the capital die Truppen marschierten durch die Hauptstadt, um ihre Stärke zu demonstrieren

despite their public \show of unity they are close to getting divorced obwohl sie nach außen hin Einigkeit demonstrieren, stehen sie kurz vor der Scheidung

2. no pl (display, impression) Schau f

just [or only] for \show nur der Schau wegen

are those lights just for \show? sollen die Lichter nur Eindruck machen?

to make a \show of sth etw zur Schau stellen

he really made a \show of accepting the award ( fam) er hat bei der Entgegennahme des Preises die große Show [o eine Show] abgezogen fam

3. no pl (impressive sight) Pracht f, Schauspiel nt geh

a \show of colour/flowers eine Farben-/Blumenpracht

4. (exhibition, event) Schau f, Ausstellung f

dog/fashion \show Hunde-/Modenschau f

retrospective \show Retrospektive f

slide \show Diavorführung f, Diavortrag m

▪ to be on \show ausgestellt sein

5. (entertainment) Show f; (on TV also) Unterhaltungssendung f; (at a theatre) Vorstellung f, Vorführung f

puppet \show Puppenspiel nt, Marionettentheater nt

quiz \show Quizsendung f, Quizshow f

radio/stage \show Radio-/Bühnenshow f

talent \show Talentwettbewerb m

to stage a \show eine Show auf die Bühne bringen

6. no pl ( fam: activity, affair) Sache f; (undertaking) Laden m fig fam; (situation) Situation f

who will run the \show when she retires? wer wird den Laden schmeißen, wenn sie in Pension geht? fam

she prefers to be in charge of her own \show sie zieht es vor, unabhängig schalten und walten zu können

how did she run the \show when the company threatened legal action? wie hat sie die Angelegenheit geregelt, als die Firma mit rechtlichen Schritten drohte?

I didn't like how he ran the \show during the strike mir hat es nicht gefallen, wie er mit der Situation während des Streiks umgegangen ist

it's her [own] \show sie ist hier der Boss [o hat hier das Sagen] fam

who is running the \show?, whose \show is it? wer ist hier der Boss [o hat hier das Sagen]? fam

the wedding is their \show, let them do it their way es ist ihre Sache [zu entscheiden], wie ihre Hochzeit ablaufen soll

7. no pl AM (sl: major league baseball)

▪ the \show die Baseballoberliga

8.

▶ bad [or poor] /good \show! ( dated fam) schwache Leistung!/gut [gemacht]!

▶ let's get the [or this] \show on the road ( fam) lasst uns die Sache [endlich] in Angriff nehmen

▶ the \show must go on ( saying) die Show muss weitergehen

▶ \show of hands [Abstimmung f per] Handzeichen nt

let me see a \show of hands bitte mal die Hand hochheben

let's have a \show of hands lass uns per Hand abstimmen

by [or on] a \show of hands durch Handzeichen

▶ to make [or put on] a \show eine Schau abziehen fam

▶ to make [or put on] a \show of doing sth vortäuschen, etw zu tun

they put on a \show of being interested sie taten so als seien sie interessiert, sie täuschten Interesse vor

▶ to put on [or up] a good \show sich akk bemühen, Einsatz zeigen

II. TRANSITIVE VERB

<showed, shown or showed>

1. (display, project)

▪ to \show [sb] sth [jdm] etw zeigen; (exhibit)

▪ to \show sth etw ausstellen; (perform)

▪ to \show sth etw vorführen; (produce)

▪ to \show sth etw vorzeigen

don't ever \show yourself here again! lass dich hier ja nie wieder blicken!

the photos \show them kissing and cuddling die Fotos zeigen sie küssend und in liebevoller Umarmung

to \show sb one's ability jdm seine Fähigkeiten vorführen

to \show a film einen Film zeigen [o fam bringen]

this film has never been \shown on television dieser Film kam noch nie im Fernsehen

to \show a flag eine Flagge hissen

to \show one's passport at the border seinen Pass an der Grenze vorzeigen

to \show sb one's ticket jdm seine Fahrkarte [vor]zeigen

to \show slides Dias vorführen [o zeigen]

to \show the time die Uhrzeit anzeigen

to \show one's work ART [seine Arbeiten] ausstellen

his paintings will be \shown in the National Gallery until May seine Bilder sind bis Mai in der Nationalgalerie zu sehen

2. (expose)

▪ to \show sth etw sehen lassen

your blouse is \showing your bra durch deine Bluse kann man deinen BH sehen

this carpet \shows all the dirt bei dem Teppich kann man jedes bisschen Schmutz sehen

3. (reveal)

▪ to \show sth etw zeigen [o erkennen lassen]

he started to \show his age man begann, ihm sein Alter anzusehen

he \showed no signs of improvement er zeigte keinerlei Besserung

to \show courage/initiative/common sense Mut/Unternehmungsgeist/gesunden Menschenverstand beweisen

to \show genius/originality Genie/Originalität beweisen

to \show promise viel versprechend sein

4. (express)

▪ to \show sth etw zeigen

to \show a bias/enthusiasm for sth eine Vorliebe/Begeisterung für etw akk zeigen

to \show clemency Milde walten lassen

to \show compassion [for sb] [mit jdm] Mitleid haben

to \show compunction Gewissensbisse haben

to \show [sb] one's gratitude sich akk [jdm gegenüber] dankbar erweisen [o zeigen]

to \show sb respect jdm Respekt erweisen

you have to \show more respect du solltest mehr Respekt zeigen

5. (point out, indicate)

▪ to \show sth [to sb] [jdm] etw zeigen; (represent)

▪ to \show sth etw darstellen

the map \shows where her house is auf der Karte ist ihr Haus zu sehen

this map \shows urban areas in grey auf dieser Karte sind die Stadtgebiete grau dargestellt

it's \showing signs of rain es sieht nach Regen aus

6. (explain)

▪ to \show sb sth jdm etw zeigen [o erklären]

to \show sb the way jdm den Weg zeigen

7. (record)

▪ to \show sth etw anzeigen; statistics etw [auf]zeigen

to \show a loss/profit einen Verlust/Gewinn aufweisen

8. (prove)

▪ to \show sth etw beweisen

to \show cause LAW seine Gründe vorbringen

order to \show cause gerichtliche Verfügung

to \show one's mettle zeigen, was in einem steckt

▪ to \show sb that... jdm zeigen [o beweisen], dass...

▪ to \show [sb] how/why... [jdm] zeigen, wie/warum...

▪ to \show oneself [to be] sth sich akk als etw erweisen

9. (escort)

▪ to \show sb into/out of/to sth jdn in etw akk /aus/zu etw dat führen [o bringen]

▪ to \show sb over [or AM usu around] a place jdm einen Ort zeigen

they \showed us over the estate sie führten uns auf dem Anwesen herum

10.

▶ to \show one's cards [or hand] seine Karten aufdecken fig

▶ to \show sb the door jdm die Tür weisen

▶ to dare [to] \show one's face es wagen, aufzukreuzen fam

he won't dare to \show his face here again er wird es nie wieder wagen, hier aufzukreuzen fam

▶ to have nothing to \show for it [or for one's efforts] [am Ende] nichts vorzuweisen haben

five years in the job, and what have you got to \show for it? du machst diesen Job nun schon seit fünf Jahren, und was hast du nun von all der Mühe?

▶ to \show [sb] no quarter ( liter) [mit jdm] kein Erbarmen haben

▶ to \show one's teeth die Zähne zeigen fig fam

▶ to \show one's true colours Farbe bekennen

▶ to \show the way [forward] den Weg weisen fig

▶ that will \show you/her ( fam) das wird dir/ihr eine Lehre sein

III. INTRANSITIVE VERB

<showed, shown or showed>

1. (be visible) zu sehen sein

the trees \show blue on these photographs die Bäume erscheinen auf diesen Fotos blau

she's four months pregnant and starting to \show sie ist im vierten Monat schwanger und allmählich sieht man es auch

to let sth \show sich dat etw anmerken lassen

2. esp AM, AUS ( fam: arrive) auftauchen, aufkreuzen fam

3. (be shown) film gezeigt werden, laufen fam

now \showing at a cinema near you! jetzt im Kino!

4. (exhibit) ausstellen

5. AM (come third in horse racing) Dritte(r) f(m) werden

* * *
[ʃəʊ] vb: pret showed, ptp shown
1. n

1)

(= display) a fine show of roses — eine Rosenpracht

show of force — Machtdemonstration f

there was a strong show of resistance — es gab starken Widerstand

the demonstration was a show of sympathy — die Demonstration war eine Solidaritätsbekundung

show of hands — Handzeichen nt, Hand(er)heben nt

2) (= outward appearance) Schau f; (= trace) Spur f; (of hatred, affection) Kundgebung f

it's just for show — das ist nur zur Schau da

to do sth for show — etw tun, um Eindruck zu schinden (inf) or zu machen

it's all done for show — das ist alles nur dazu da, um Eindruck zu machen

to make a great show of being impressed/overworked/pleased — sich (dat) ganz den Anschein geben, beeindruckt/überarbeitet/erfreut zu sein

they made a great show of their wealth — sie protzten mit ihrem Reichtum (inf)

without any show of emotion —

it was all show to be fond of show — es war alles nur Schau (inf) gerne prunken

3) (= exhibition) Ausstellung f

dog/fashion show — Hunde-/Modenschau f

to be on show — ausgestellt or zu sehen sein

4) (THEAT) Aufführung f; (TV, VARIETY OR POP SHOW) Show f; (RAD) Sendung f; (FILM) Vorstellung f

to go to a show ( esp Brit : in theatre ) — ins Theater gehen; ( US : in movie theater ) ins Kino gehen

the show must go on — es muss trotz allem weitergehen

on with the show! — anfangen!

to stop the show (lit) —

he stopped the show with his marvellous medley of old hits (fig) — der Höhepunkt der Show war sein wunderbares Medley alter Hits

See:

→ steal

5) (esp Brit inf)

(jolly) good show! (dated) bad show! (dated) (= what a pity) — ausgezeichnet!, bravo! schwaches Bild (inf) so ein Pech!

to put up a good/poor show —

it's a pretty poor show when... — das ist vielleicht traurig or ein schwaches Bild (inf), wenn...

6) (inf: undertaking, organization) Laden m (inf)

he runs the show — er schmeißt hier den Laden (inf)

to give the ( whole) show away — alles verraten

2. vt

1) (= display) zeigen; (COMPUT) anzeigen; (at exhibition) ausstellen, zeigen; (= demonstrate) dog vorführen; slides, film zeigen, vorführen; passport, ticket vorzeigen

to show sb sth, to show sth to sb — jdm etw zeigen

show me how to do it — zeigen Sie mir, wie man das macht

it's been shown on television — das kam im Fernsehen

the film was first shown in 1988 — der Film wurde 1988 uraufgeführt

to show one's face — sich zeigen

he had nothing to show for it — er hatte am Ende nichts vorzuweisen

he has nothing to show for all his effort — seine ganze Mühe hat nichts gebracht

I'll show him! (inf) — dem werd ichs zeigen! (inf)

that showed him! (inf) — dem habe ichs aber gezeigt! (inf)

See:

→ hand, heel

2) (= register) (an)zeigen; loss, profit haben, verzeichnen; rise in numbers aufzeigen; (thermometer, speedometer) stehen auf (+dat); (calendar) zeigen

it shows that... — es zeigt, dass...

as shown in the illustration — wie in der Illustration dargestellt

the roads are shown in red — die Straßen sind rot( eingezeichnet)

what time does your watch show? — wie spät ist es nach Ihrer Uhr?

the dial will show red if... — der Zeiger zeigt auf Rot, wenn...

3) (= indicate) zeigen; (= prove) beweisen; kindness, favour erweisen; courage zeigen, beweisen; loyalty, taste, tact, intelligence beweisen; respect bezeigen; proof erbringen

to show one's gratitude — sich dankbar zeigen

this shows him to be a thief —

I hope I have shown how silly it is — ich habe hoffentlich (auf)gezeigt, wie dumm das ist

it all or just goes to show that... — das zeigt doch nur, dass...

4) (= reveal) zeigen

the housing market is showing signs of life — auf dem Immobilienmarkt tut or rührt sich (wieder) (et)was (inf)

it showed signs of having been used — man sah, dass es gebraucht worden war

to show signs of wear — Abnutzungserscheinungen pl aufweisen

to show signs of tiredness — Ermüdungserscheinungen pl zeigen

show a leg! ( Brit inf ) — raus aus den Federn! (inf)

he's beginning to show his age — man sieht ihm allmählich das Alter an

that dress shows her bra — bei dem Kleid sieht man ihren BH

the carpet shows the dirt — auf dem Teppich sieht man den Schmutz

5) (= direct) zeigen

to show sb the way — jdm den Weg zeigen

to show sb in/out — jdn hereinbringen/hinausbringen or -begleiten

to show sb out of a room — jdn hinausbegleiten, jdn aus dem Zimmer begleiten

to show sb into a room — jdn hereinbringen, jdn ins Zimmer bringen

to show sb to his seat/to the door — jdn an seinen Platz/an die or zur Tür bringen

to show sb over or (a)round the house — jdm das (ganze) Haus zeigen

they were shown over or (a)round the factory — ihnen wurde die Fabrik gezeigt, sie wurden in der Fabrik herumgeführt

3. vi

1) (= be visible) zu sehen sein, sichtbar sein; (petticoat etc) vorsehen, rausgucken (inf); (film) gezeigt werden, laufen; (= exhibit artist) ausstellen

the dirt doesn't show — man sieht den Schmutz nicht

his anger showed in his eyes — man konnte ihm seinen Ärger von den Augen ablesen

don't let your anger show — lassen Sie sich (dat)

the tulips are beginning to show — die Tulpen kommen langsam heraus

the pregnancy or she is now beginning to show — man sieht or merkt jetzt allmählich, dass sie schwanger ist

to show through —

the house shows through the gap — durch den Spalt kann man das Haus sehen

he didn't show (inf) — er hat sich nicht blicken lassen (inf)

2)

(= prove) it just goes to show! — da sieht mans mal wieder!

3) (HORSE RACING) sich platzieren

4. vr

to show oneself — sich blicken lassen (inf)

to show oneself to be incompetent — sich (als) unfähig erweisen

he showed himself to be a coward —

it shows itself in his speech — das merkt man an seiner Sprache

* * *

show [ʃəʊ]

A s

1. (Her)Zeigen n:

vote by show of hands durch Handzeichen wählen;

show of teeth Zähnefletschen n

2. Show f, Schau f, Zurschaustellung f:

a show of force fig eine Demonstration der Macht

3. (künstlerische etc) Darbietung, Vorführung f, Vorstellung f, Show f, Schau f:

put on a show fig eine Schau abziehen, sich aufspielen;

steal the show fig (jemandem) die Schau stehlen

4. umg (Theater-, Film)Vorstellung f

5. Show f, Schau f, Ausstellung f:

on show ausgestellt, zu besichtigen(d)

6. (Radio-, Fernseh)Sendung f

7. (prunkvoller) Umzug

8. fig Schauspiel n, Anblick m:

a grand show;

make a sorry show einen traurigen Eindruck hinterlassen;

make a good show eine gute Figur machen umg

9. umg gute etc Leistung:

good show! gut gemacht!, bravo!

10. Protzerei f, Angeberei f (beide umg):

for show um Eindruck zu machen, (nur) fürs Auge;

be fond of show gern großtun

11. (leerer) Schein:

in outward show nach außen (hin);

make a show of interest Interesse heucheln, sich interessiert geben;

make a show of rage sich wütend stellen

12. Spur f, Anzeichen n

13. (Zirkus-, Theater) Truppe f

14. umg Chance f:

give sb a fair show

15. besonders Br umg Laden m, Sache f:

a dull (poor) show eine langweilige (armselige) Sache;

run the show den Laden oder die Sache schmeißen;

give the (whole) show away sich oder alles verraten

16. Pferderennen etc: dritter Platz

B v/t prät showed, pperf shown, showed

1. zeigen, sehen lassen, seinen Ausweis, seine Fahrkarte etc auch vorzeigen, -weisen:

show o.s.

a) auch show one’s face sich zeigen, sich sehen oder blicken lassen

b) fig sich grausam etc zeigen, sich erweisen als;

I’ll show him! der soll mich kennenlernen!;

never show your face again! lass dich hier nie wieder blicken!;

“not shown” (in Katalogen etc) „ohne Abbildung“; → card¹ 1 a, etc

2. jemandem zeigen oder erklären ( how to do sth wie man etwas tut):

show sb how to write jemandem das Schreiben beibringen

3. sein Wissen etc an den Tag legen, zeigen

4. Katzen etc ausstellen, auf einer Ausstellung zeigen

5. zeigen:

a) THEAT etc vorführen

b) TV bringen

6. jemanden ins Zimmer etc führen, geleiten, bringen:

show sb about ( oder [a]round) the town jemandem die Stadt zeigen, jemanden in der Stadt herumführen;

show sb over the house jemanden durch das Haus führen;

show sb (a)round jemanden (herum)führen

7. seine Absichten etc kundtun, offenbaren

8. seine Pläne etc (auf)zeigen, darlegen

9. zeigen, beweisen:

show the truth of a statement;

you’ll have to show me! umg das wirst du mir (erst) beweisen müssen!

10. JUR nachweisen, vorbringen:

show proof JUR den Beweis erbringen; → cause A 4

11. PHYS, TECH (an)zeigen:

the speedometer showed 70

12. Gefühle zeigen, sich etwas anmerken lassen

13. schlechten Geschmack etc zeigen, erkennen lassen, verraten

14. jemandem eine Gunst etc erweisen:

show sb gratitude sich jemandem gegenüber dankbar erweisen

C v/i

1. sichtbar werden oder sein, sich zeigen:

the blood shows through her skin man sieht das Blut durch ihre Haut;

it shows man sieht es; → time A 1

2. umg sich zeigen, erscheinen

3. aussehen ( like wie):

show to advantage vorteilhaft aussehen

4. be showing gezeigt werden, laufen (Film)

* * *
1. noun
1) (display) Pracht, die

a show of flowers/colour — eine Blumen-/Farbenpracht

show of force/strength — etc. Demonstration der Macht/Stärke usw.

be on show — ausgestellt sein

put something on show — etwas ausstellen

2) (exhibition) Ausstellung, die; Schau, die

dog show — Hundeschau, die

3) (entertainment, performance) Show, die; (Theatre) Vorstellung, die; (Radio, Telev.) [Unterhaltungs]sendung, die; see also steal 1. 1)

4) (coll.): (effort)

it's a poor show — das ist ein schwaches Bild

put up a good/poor show — eine gute/schlechte Figur machen

good show! — gut [gemacht]!

5) (coll.): (undertaking, business)

it's his show — er ist der Boss (ugs.)

run the show — der Boss sein (ugs.)

give the [whole] show away — alles ausquatschen (salopp)

6) (outward appearance) Anschein, der

make a great show of friendliness — ungeheuer freundlich tun

make or put on a [great] show of doing something — sich (Dat.) [angestrengt] den Anschein geben, etwas zu tun

be for show — reine Angeberei sein (ugs.)

do something just for show — etwas nur aus Prestigegründen tun
2. transitive verb,
p.p. shown or showed

1) (allow or cause to be seen) zeigen; vorzeigen [Pass, Fahrschein usw.]

show somebody something, show something to somebody — jemandem etwas zeigen

have nothing/something to show for it — [dabei] nichts/etwas zum Vorzeigen haben

that dress shows your petticoat — bei diesem Kleid sieht man deinen Unterrock

this material does not show the dirt — auf diesem Material sieht man den Schmutz nicht; see also colour 1. 5); sign 1. 5)

2) (manifest, give evidence of) zeigen; beweisen [Mut, Entschlossenheit, Urteilsvermögen usw.]

show hesitation — zaudern

he is showing his age — man sieht ihm sein Alter an

3)

show [somebody] kindness/mercy — freundlich [zu jemandem] sein/Erbarmen [mit jemandem] haben

show mercy on or to somebody — Erbarmen mit jemandem haben

4) (indicate) zeigen [Gefühl, Freude usw.]; [Thermometer, Uhr usw.:] anzeigen

as shown in the illustration — wie die Abbildung zeigt

frontiers are shown by blue lines and towns are shown in red — Grenzen sind durch blaue Linien und Städte sind rot gekennzeichnet

the accounts show a profit — die Bücher weisen einen Gewinn aus

the firm shows a profit/loss — die Firma macht Gewinn/Verlust

5) (demonstrate, prove) zeigen

show somebody that... — jemandem beweisen, dass...

it all/just goes to show that... — das beweist nur, dass...

it all goes to show, doesn't it? — das beweist es doch, oder?

I'll show you/him etc.! — ich werd's dir/ihm usw. schon zeigen!

show somebody who's boss — jemandem zeigen, wer das Sagen hat

6) (conduct) führen

show somebody over or round the house/to his place — jemanden durchs Haus/an seinen Platz führen
3. intransitive verb,
p.p. shown or showed

1) (be visible) sichtbar od. zu sehen sein

he was angry/bored, and it showed — er war wütend/langweilte sich, und man sah es [ihm an]

his age is beginning to show — man sieht ihm sein Alter allmählich an

2) (be shown) [Film:] laufen; [Künstler:] ausstellen

"Gandhi" - now showing in the West End — "Gandhi" - Jetzt im West End

3) (make something known)

time will show — man wird es [ja] sehen

Phrasal Verbs:

- show in

- show off

- show out

- show round

- show through

- show up

* * *

(cinema) n.

Vorstellung f. n.

Ausstellung f.

Schau -en f. v.

(§ p.,p.p.: showed)

or p.p.: shown•) = aufweisen v.

aufzeigen v.

ausstellen (auf einer Messe) v.

vorführen v.

vorweisen v.

zeigen v.

English-german dictionary > show
13 first

1. n первое

on the first of May — первого мая

first go — первым делом

first gun — первый анод

first leg — первый этап

first base — первая база

first chop — первый сорт

2. n начало

at first — сначала, сперва

at the first — первое время

from the first — с самого начала

at the first set-out — в самом начале

from the very first — с самого начала

first commercial production — начало промышленной добычи

first law of thermodynamics — первое начало термодинамики

3. n степень бакалавра с отличием первого класса

first fold — первый сгиб

the first — первое число

first call — первый взнос

first course — первый ряд

first flow — первый полив

4. n муз. самый высокий голос или самая высокая партия

the first of May — первое мая

the very first — самый первый

first or last — рано или поздно

first high water — высокая полная вода

to draw the first prize — получить самый крупный выигрыш

5. n товар первого сорта, высшего качества

first prize — первый приз

first story — первый этаж

first wort — первое сусло

first chop — первый сорт

first blood — первая кровь

6. n горн. лучшая кусковая руда; концентрат

first patent flour — лучшая пшеничная мука высших сортов

first clear flour — лучшая пшеничная мука вторых сортов

7. n место в первом классе

who struck the first blow? — кто начал ?, кто первый ударил?

the first speaker — первый выступающий, первый взявший слово

murder in the first degree — тяжкое убийство первой степени

have a right of first signature — иметь право первой подписи

first offender — преступник, совершивший первое преступление

8. a первый по времени, самый ранний

the first flowers of spring — первые весенние цветы

first fruit — первые плоды

first lees — первый отстой

first person — первое лицо

first press — первый пресс

first slice — первый слой

9. a первый, начальный

first form — первый класс

first performance — первое представление, премьера

first round — первый раунд

to succeed the very first time — добиться успеха с первого раза

scored the first win — завоевал первое место

taking first place — занимающий первое место

error of the first kind — ошибка первого рода

first carbonated juice — сок первой сатурации

first product — продукт первой кристаллизации

10. a первый, пробный

first attempt — первая попытка

first storey — первый этаж

first strike — первый удар

first measure — первый такт

first pull — пробный оттиск

first quality — первый сорт

11. a первый, основной

the first thing to do — первое, что надо сделать

first secretary — первый секретарь посольства

function of first kind — функция первого рода

Simpson's first rule — первое правило Симпсона

court of first instance — суд первой инстанции

first carbonation juice — сок первой сатурации

12. a первый попавшийся; первый представившийся; любой

ask the first man you meet — спросите любого, кого вы встретите

first order system — система первого порядка

first syndication — программы первого показа

score the first win — завоевать первое место

first class airfield — аэродром первого класса

first drawing on loan — первое погашение ссуды

13. a первый, предварительный

first field dressing — индивидуальный перевязочный пакет

first runoff — первый оттек

first spool — первый каскад

the first that — первое что

First Consul — первый консул

first cut — первое травление

14. a первый, передний

first tier boxes — ложи первого яруса

first generation bank — банк первого поколения

first jet — оттек утфеля первой кристаллизации

first production line — первая сборочная линия

love at first sight — любовь с первого взгляда

to rank among the first — быть в числе первых

15. a первый, выдающийся, самый знаменитый

the first scholar of the day — самый крупный учёный своего времени

first draw — первая протяжка

first ending — первая вольта

first gear — первая передача

first level — первый уровень

first moment — первый момент

16. a первосортный, самый лучший

articles of first quality — товар первого сорта

first string — лучшие игроки команды, первый состав

17. a первый, ведущий

first violin — первая скрипка

first order — первый порядок

first punch — первая обминка

first running — первое сусло

first stage — первая ступень

first copy — первый экземпляр

18. adv сперва, сначала

first of all — прежде всего

at first. — сначала

first time — сначала

at first — сначала,

in the first place — сначала; во-первых

at the first go-of — вначале; сперва; при первой попытке

19. adv впервые

when he first went to war — когда он впервые попал на войну

First Americans — первые американцы

for the first time — в первый раз; впервые

for the first time since — с тех пор как впервые

the first touches of autumn — первые признаки осени

first knowledge of inoculation — первые сведения о прививках

20. adv скорее, предпочтительно

first aid box — аптечка скорой помощи

first aid — первая помощь; скорая помощь

21. adv первым; в первую очередь

to stand first — быть первым; быть в первых рядах

he arrived first — он прибыл первым

he claimed the right to speak first — он требовал, чтобы ему первому дали слово

you go first — идите первым

who plays first? — чей первый ход?

ladies first! — проходите, пожалуйста!; сначала дамы!

the first half of the year — первое полугодие

tiing for first place — поделивший первое место

to a first approximation — в первом приближении

a court of first instance — суд первой инстанции

court of first appearance — суд первой инстанции

Синонимический ряд:

1. basic (adj.) basic; fundamental; primary

2. early (adj.) beginning; early; initial

3. initially (adj.) initially; originally; primarily

4. least (adj.) least; slightest; smallest

5. original (adj.) anterior; beginning; earliest; incipient; initial; maiden; original; pioneer; prime; primeval

6. paramount (adj.) paramount; preeminent; superior; supreme

7. top (adj.) arch; capital; cardinal; champion; chief; dominant; foremost; greatest; head; headmost; inaugural; key; leading; main; major; outstanding; pre-eminent; premier; principal; top

8. beginning (noun) beginning; commencement; outset; start

9. firstly (other) firstly; initially

Антонимический ряд:

finish; last; latest; lowest; secondary; subordinate; subsequent; supplementary; ultimately; unimportant

English-Russian base dictionary > first
14 Historical Portugal

   Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.

   A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.

   Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140

   The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."

   In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.

   The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.

   Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385

   Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in

   Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.

   The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.

   Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580

   The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.

   The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.

   What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.

   By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.

   Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.

   The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.

   By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.

   In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.

   Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640

   Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.

   Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.

   On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.

   Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822

   Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.

   Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.

   In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the

   Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.

   Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.

   Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.

   Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910

   During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.

   Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.

   Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.

   Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.

   Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.

   As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.

   First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26

   Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.

   The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.

   Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.

   The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74

   During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."

   Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.

   For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),

   and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.

   The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.

   With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.

   During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.

   The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.

   At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.

   The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.

   Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76

   Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.

   Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.

   In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.

   In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.

   In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.

   The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until

   UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.

   Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000

   After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.

   From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.

   Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.

   Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.

   In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.

   In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.

   Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.

    Contemporary Portugal

   Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.

   The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.

   Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.

   Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).

   All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.

   The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.

   After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.

   Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.

   Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.

   From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.

   Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.

   In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.

   An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal
15 go

Ⅰ.

go¹ [gəʊ]

noun

(game) jeu m de go

Ⅱ.

go² [gəʊ]

aller ⇒ 1A (a)-(c), 1A (e), 1A (f), 1E (a)-(c), 1G (a), 2 (a) s'en aller ⇒ 1A (d) être ⇒ 1B (a) devenir ⇒ 1B (b) tomber en panne ⇒ 1B (c) s'user ⇒ 1B (d) se détériorer ⇒ 1B (e) commencer ⇒ 1C (a) aller (+ infinitif) ⇒ 1C (b), 1C (c) marcher ⇒ 1C (d) disparaître ⇒ 1D (a), 1D (c) se passer ⇒ 1E (d) s'écouler ⇒ 1E (e) s'appliquer ⇒ 1F (b) se vendre ⇒ 1F (e) contribuer ⇒ 1G (c) aller ensemble ⇒ 1H (a) tenir le coup ⇒ 1H (c) faire ⇒ 2 (b), 2 (c) coup ⇒ 3 (a) essai ⇒ 3 (a) tour ⇒ 3 (b) dynamisme ⇒ 3 (c)

(pl goes [gəʊz], 3rd pres sing goes [gəʊz], pt went [went], pp gone [gɒn])

1 intransitive verb

A.

(a) (move, travel → person) aller; (→ vehicle) aller, rouler;

∎ we're going to Paris/Japan/Spain nous allons à Paris/au Japon/en Espagne;

∎ he went to the office/a friend's house il est allé au bureau/chez un ami;

∎ I want to go home je veux rentrer;

∎ the salesman went from house to house le vendeur est allé de maison en maison;

∎ we went by car/on foot nous y sommes allés en voiture/à pied;

∎ there goes the train! voilà le train (qui passe)!;

∎ the bus goes by way of or through Dover le bus passe par Douvres;

∎ does this train go to Glasgow? ce train va-t-il à Glasgow?;

∎ the truck was going at 150 kilometres an hour le camion roulait à ou faisait du 150 kilomètres (à l')heure;

∎ go behind those bushes va derrière ces arbustes;

∎ where do we go from here? où va-t-on maintenant?; figurative qu'est-ce qu'on fait maintenant?;

∎ to go to the doctor aller voir ou aller chez le médecin;

∎ he went straight to the director il est allé directement voir ou trouver le directeur;

∎ to go to prison aller en prison;

∎ to go to the toilet aller aux toilettes;

∎ to go to sb for advice aller demander conseil à qn;

∎ let the children go first laissez les enfants passer devant, laissez passer les enfants d'abord;

∎ I'll go next c'est à moi après;

∎ who goes next? (in game) c'est à qui (le tour)?;

∎ Military who goes there? qui va là?, qui vive?;

∎ here we go again! ça y est, ça recommence!;

∎ there he goes! le voilà!;

∎ there he goes again! (there he is again) le revoilà!; (he's doing it again) ça y est, il est reparti!

(b) (engage in a specified activity) aller;

∎ to go shopping aller faire des courses;

∎ to go fishing/hunting aller à la pêche/à la chasse;

∎ to go riding aller faire du cheval;

∎ let's go for a walk/bike ride/swim allons nous promener/faire un tour à vélo/nous baigner;

∎ they went on a trip ils sont partis en voyage;

∎ British go and buy the paper, American go buy the paper va acheter le journal;

∎ I'll go to see her or American go see her tomorrow j'irai la voir demain;

∎ don't go and tell him!, don't go telling him! ne va pas le lui dire!, ne le lui dis pas!;

∎ don't go bothering your sister ne va pas embêter ta sœur;

∎ you had to go and tell him! il a fallu que tu le lui dises!;

∎ he's gone and locked us out! il est parti et nous a laissé à la porte!;

∎ you've gone and done it now! vraiment, tu as tout gâché!

(c) (proceed to specified limit) aller;

∎ he'll go as high as £300 il ira jusqu'à 300 livres;

∎ the temperature went as high as 36° C la température est montée jusqu'à 36° C;

∎ he went so far as to say it was her fault il est allé jusqu'à dire que c'était de sa faute à elle;

∎ now you've gone too far! là tu as dépassé les bornes!;

∎ I'll go further and say he should resign j'irai plus loin et je dirai qu'il ou j'irai jusqu'à dire qu'il devrait démissionner;

∎ the temperature sometimes goes below zero la température descend ou tombe parfois au-dessous de zéro;

∎ her attitude went beyond mere impertinence son comportement était plus qu'impertinent

(d) (depart, leave) s'en aller, partir;

∎ I must be going il faut que je m'en aille ou que je parte;

∎ they went early ils sont partis tôt;

∎ you may go vous pouvez partir;

∎ what time does the train go? à quelle heure part le train?;

∎ familiar get going! vas-y!, file!;

∎ archaic be gone! allez-vous-en!;

∎ either he goes or I go l'un de nous deux doit partir

(e) (indicating regular attendance) aller, assister;

∎ to go to church/school aller à l'église/l'école;

∎ to go to a meeting aller ou assister à une réunion;

∎ to go to work (to one's place of work) aller au travail

(f) (indicating direction or route) aller, mener;

∎ that road goes to the market square cette route va ou mène à la place du marché

B.

(a) (be or remain in specified state) être;

∎ to go barefoot/naked se promener pieds nus/tout nu;

∎ to go armed porter une arme;

∎ her family goes in rags sa famille est en haillons;

∎ the job went unfilled le poste est resté vacant;

∎ to go unnoticed passer inaperçu;

∎ such crimes must not go unpunished de tels crimes ne doivent pas rester impunis

(b) (become) devenir;

∎ my father is going grey mon père grisonne;

∎ she went white with rage elle a blêmi de colère;

∎ my hands went clammy mes mains sont devenues moites;

∎ the tea's gone cold le thé a refroidi;

∎ have you gone mad? tu es devenu fou?;

∎ to go bankrupt faire faillite;

∎ the country has gone Republican le pays est maintenant républicain

(c) (stop working → engine) tomber en panne; (→ fuse) sauter; (→ bulb, lamp) sauter, griller;

∎ the battery's going la pile commence à être usée

(d) (wear out) s'user; (split) craquer; (break) (se) casser;

∎ his trousers are going at the knees son pantalon s'use aux genoux;

∎ the jacket went at the seams la veste a craqué aux coutures

(e) (deteriorate, fail → health) se détériorer; (→ hearing, sight) baisser;

∎ all his strength went and he fell to the floor il a perdu toutes ses forces et il est tombé par terre;

∎ his voice is going il devient aphone;

∎ his voice is gone il est aphone, il a une extinction de voix;

∎ her mind has started to go elle n'a plus toute sa tête ou toutes ses facultés

C.

(a) (begin an activity) commencer;

∎ what are we waiting for? let's go! qu'est-ce qu'on attend? allons-y!;

∎ familiar here goes!, here we go! allez!, on y va!;

∎ go! partez!;

∎ you'd better get going on or with that report! tu ferais bien de te mettre à ou de t'attaquer à ce rapport!;

∎ it won't be so hard once you get going ça ne sera pas si difficile une fois que tu seras lancé;

∎ familiar go to it! (get to work) au boulot!; (in encouragement) allez-y!

(b) (expressing intention)

∎ to be going to do sth (be about to) aller faire qch, être sur le point de faire qch; (intend to) avoir l'intention de faire qch;

∎ you were just going to tell me about it vous étiez sur le point de ou vous alliez m'en parler;

∎ I was going to visit her yesterday but her mother arrived j'avais l'intention de ou j'allais lui rendre visite hier mais sa mère est arrivée

(c) (expressing future)

∎ are you going to be at home tonight? est-ce que vous serez chez vous ce soir?;

∎ we're going to do exactly as we please nous ferons ce que nous voulons;

∎ she's going to be a doctor elle va être médecin;

∎ there's going to be a storm il va y avoir un orage;

∎ he's going to have to work really hard il va falloir qu'il travaille très dur

(d) (function → clock, machine) marcher, fonctionner; (start functioning) démarrer;

∎ is the fan going? est-ce que le ventilateur est en marche ou marche?;

∎ the car won't go la voiture ne veut pas démarrer;

∎ he had the television and the radio going il avait mis la télévision et la radio en marche;

∎ the washing machine is still going la machine à laver tourne encore, la lessive n'est pas terminée;

∎ to get sth going (car, machine) mettre qch en marche; (business, project) lancer qch;

∎ her daughter kept the business going sa fille a continué à faire marcher l'affaire;

∎ to keep a conversation/fire going entretenir une conversation/un feu

(e) (sound → alarm clock, bell) sonner; (→ alarm, siren) retentir

(f) (make movement)

∎ she went like this with her eyebrows elle a fait comme ça avec ses sourcils

(g) (appear)

∎ to go on radio/television passer à la radio/à la télévision

D.

(a) (disappear) disparaître;

∎ the snow has gone la neige a fondu ou disparu;

∎ all the sugar's gone il n'y a plus de sucre;

∎ my coat has gone mon manteau n'est plus là ou a disparu;

∎ all our money has gone (spent) nous avons dépensé tout notre argent; (lost) nous avons perdu tout notre argent; (stolen) on a volé tout notre argent;

∎ I don't know where the money goes these days l'argent disparaît à une vitesse incroyable ces temps-ci;

∎ gone are the days when he took her dancing elle est bien loin, l'époque où il l'emmenait danser

(b) (be eliminated)

∎ the last paragraph must go il faut supprimer le dernier paragraphe;

∎ I've decided that car has to go j'ai décidé de me débarrasser de cette voiture;

∎ that new secretary has got to go il va falloir se débarrasser de la nouvelle secrétaire

(c) euphemism (die) disparaître, s'éteindre;

∎ he is (dead and) gone il nous a quittés;

∎ his wife went first sa femme est partie avant lui;

∎ after I go... quand je ne serai plus là...

E.

(a) (extend, reach) aller, s'étendre;

∎ our property goes as far as the forest notre propriété va ou s'étend jusqu'au bois;

∎ the path goes right down to the beach le chemin descend jusqu'à la mer;

∎ figurative her thinking didn't go that far elle n'a pas poussé le raisonnement aussi loin;

∎ my salary doesn't go very far je ne vais pas loin avec mon salaire;

∎ money doesn't go very far these days l'argent part vite à notre époque;

∎ their difference of opinion goes deeper than I thought leur différend est plus profond que je ne pensais

(b) (belong) aller, se mettre, se ranger;

∎ the dictionaries go on that shelf les dictionnaires se rangent ou vont sur cette étagère;

∎ where do the towels go? où est-ce qu'on met les serviettes?;

∎ that painting goes here ce tableau se met ou va là

(c) (be contained in, fit) aller;

∎ this last sweater won't go in the suitcase ce dernier pull n'ira pas ou n'entrera pas dans la valise;

∎ the piano barely goes through the door le piano entre ou passe de justesse par la porte;

∎ this belt just goes round my waist cette ceinture est juste assez longue pour faire le tour de ma taille;

∎ the lid goes on easily enough le couvercle se met assez facilement

(d) (develop, turn out) se passer;

∎ how did your interview go? comment s'est passé ton entretien?;

∎ I'll see how things go je vais voir comment ça se passe;

∎ we can't tell how things will go on ne sait pas comment ça se passera;

∎ everything went well tout s'est bien passé;

∎ if all goes well si tout va bien;

∎ the meeting went badly/well la réunion s'est mal/bien passée;

∎ the negotiations are going well les négociations sont en bonne voie;

∎ the vote went against them/in their favour le vote leur a été défavorable/favorable;

∎ there's no doubt as to which way the decision will go on sait ce qui sera décidé;

∎ everything was going fine until she showed up tout allait ou se passait très bien jusqu'à ce qu'elle arrive;

∎ everything went wrong ça a mal tourné;

∎ familiar how's it going?, how are things going? (comment) ça va?;

∎ the way things are going, we might both be out of a job soon au train où vont ou vu comment vont les choses, nous allons bientôt nous retrouver tous les deux au chômage

(e) (time → elapse) s'écouler, passer; (→ last) durer;

∎ the journey went quickly je n'ai pas vu le temps passer pendant le voyage;

∎ there were only five minutes to go before… il ne restait que cinq minutes avant…;

∎ time goes so slowly when you're not here le temps me paraît tellement long quand tu n'es pas là;

∎ how's the time going? combien de temps reste-t-il?

F.

(a) (be accepted)

∎ what your mother says goes! fais ce que dit ta mère!;

∎ whatever the boss says goes c'est le patron qui fait la loi;

∎ anything goes on fait ce qu'on veut

(b) (be valid, hold true) s'appliquer;

∎ that rule goes for everyone cette règle s'applique à tout le monde;

∎ that goes for us too (that applies to us) ça s'applique à nous aussi; (we agree with that) nous sommes aussi de cet avis

(c) (be expressed, run → report, story)

∎ the story or rumour goes that she left him le bruit court qu'elle l'a quitté;

∎ so the story goes du moins c'est ce que l'on dit ou d'après les on-dit;

∎ how does the story go? comment c'est cette histoire?;

∎ I forget how the poem goes now j'ai oublié le poème maintenant;

∎ how does the tune go? c'est quoi ou c'est comment, l'air?;

∎ her theory goes something like this sa théorie est plus ou moins la suivante

(d) (be identified as)

∎ to go by or under the name of répondre au nom de;

∎ he now goes by or under another name il se fait appeler autrement maintenant

(e) (be sold) se vendre;

∎ flats are going cheap at the moment les appartements ne se vendent pas très cher en ce moment;

∎ the necklace went for £350 le collier s'est vendu 350 livres;

∎ going, going, gone! (at auction) une fois, deux fois, adjugé!

G.

(a) (be given → award, prize) aller, être donné; (→ inheritance, property) passer;

∎ the contract is to go to a private firm le contrat ira à une entreprise privée;

∎ credit should go to the teachers le mérite en revient aux enseignants;

∎ every penny will go to charity tout l'argent va ou est destiné à une œuvre de bienfaisance

(b) (be spent)

∎ a small portion of the budget went on education une petite part du budget a été consacrée ou est allée à l'éducation;

∎ all his money goes on drink tout son argent part dans la boisson

(c) (contribute) contribuer, servir;

∎ all that just goes to prove my point tout ça confirme bien ce que j'ai dit;

∎ it has all the qualities that go to make a good film ça a toutes les qualités d'un bon film

(d) (have recourse) avoir recours, recourir;

∎ to go to arbitration recourir à l'arbitrage

H.

(a) (be compatible → colours, flavours) aller ensemble;

∎ orange and mauve don't really go l'orange et le mauve ne vont pas vraiment ensemble

(b) (be available)

∎ let me know if you hear of any jobs going faites-moi savoir si vous entendez parler d'un emploi;

∎ are there any flats going for rent in this building? y a-t-il des appartements à louer dans cet immeuble?;

∎ familiar any whisky going? tu as un whisky à m'offrir?^□

(c) (endure) tenir le coup;

∎ we can't go much longer without water nous ne pourrons pas tenir beaucoup plus longtemps sans eau

(d) euphemism (go to the toilet)

∎ we'll only stop if you're really desperate to go on ne s'arrête que si tu ne tiens vraiment plus;

∎ I went before I came j'ai fait avant de venir

(e) Mathematics

∎ 5 into 60 goes 12 60 divisé par 5 égale 12;

∎ 6 into 5 won't go 5 n'est pas divisible par 6

(f) (idioms)

∎ she isn't bad, as teachers go elle n'est pas mal comme enseignante;

∎ as houses go, it's pretty cheap ce n'est pas cher pour une maison;

∎ as things go today par les temps qui courent;

∎ there goes my chance of winning a prize je peux abandonner tout espoir de gagner un prix;

∎ there you go again, always blaming other people ça y est, toujours à rejeter la responsabilité sur les autres;

∎ there you go! (here you are) tiens!; (I told you so) voilà!;

∎ there you go, two hamburgers and a coke et voici, deux hamburgers et un Coca;

∎ there you go, what did I tell you? voilà ou tiens, qu'est-ce que je t'avais dit!

2 transitive verb

(a) (follow, proceed along) aller, suivre;

∎ if we go this way, we'll get there much more quickly si nous passons par là, nous arriverons bien plus vite

(b) (travel) faire, voyager;

∎ we've only gone 5 kilometres nous n'avons fait que 5 kilomètres;

∎ she went the whole length of the street before coming back elle a descendu toute la rue avant de revenir

(c) (say) faire; (make specified noise) faire;

∎ ducks go "quack" les canards font "coin-coin";

∎ the clock goes "tick tock" l'horloge fait "tic tac";

∎ the gun went bang et pan! le coup est parti;

∎ familiar then he goes "hand it over" puis il fait "donne-le-moi"

(d) (in gambling)

∎ to go 10 risquer 10;

∎ Cards to go no/two trumps annoncer sans/deux atout(s);

∎ figurative to go one better (than sb) surenchérir (sur qn)

(e) familiar (do with)

∎ I could really go a beer je me paierais bien une bière

(f) (idioms) familiar old-fashioned

∎ to go it (go fast) filer; (behave wildly) se défoncer;

∎ familiar how goes it? ça marche?

3 noun

(a) British (attempt, try) coup m, essai m;

∎ to have a go at sth/doing sth essayer qch/de faire qch;

∎ he had another go il a fait une nouvelle tentative, il a ressayé;

∎ let's have a go! essayons!; familiar (let me try) laisse-moi essayer!^□ ;

∎ have another go! encore un coup!;

∎ I've never tried it but I'll give it a go je n'ai encore jamais fait l'expérience mais je vais essayer;

∎ she passed her exams first go elle a eu ses examens du premier coup;

∎ he knocked down all the skittles at one go il a renversé toutes les quilles d'un coup;

∎ £1 a go (at fair etc) une livre la partie ou le tour;

∎ to have a go on the dodgems faire un tour d'autos tamponneuses;

∎ he wouldn't let me have or give me a go (on his bicycle etc) il ne voulait pas me laisser l'essayer

(b) British (in games → turn) tour m;

∎ it's your go c'est ton tour ou c'est à toi (de jouer);

∎ whose go is it? à qui de jouer?, à qui le tour?

(c) familiar (energy, vitality) dynamisme^□ m, entrain^□ m;

∎ to be full of go avoir plein d'énergie, être très dynamique;

∎ she's got plenty of go elle est pleine d'entrain;

∎ the new man has no go in him le nouveau manque d'entrain

(d) familiar (success) succès^□ m, réussite^□ f;

∎ he's made a go of the business il a réussi à faire marcher l'affaire;

∎ to make a go of a marriage réussir un mariage;

∎ I tried to persuade her but it was no go j'ai essayé de la convaincre mais il n'y avait rien à faire

(e) (fashion) mode f;

∎ short hair is all the go les cheveux courts sont le dernier cri ou font fureur

(f) familiar (idioms)

∎ to have a go at sb (physically) rentrer dans qn; (verbally) passer un savon à qn;

∎ they had a real go at one another! qu'est-ce qu'ils se sont mis!;

∎ she had a go at her boyfriend elle a passé un de ces savons à son copain;

∎ British police have warned the public not to have a go, the fugitive may be armed la police a prévenu la population de ne pas s'en prendre au fugitif car il pourrait être armé;

∎ it's all go ça n'arrête pas!;

∎ all systems go! c'est parti!;

∎ the shuttle is go for landing la navette est bonne ou est parée ou a le feu vert pour l'atterrissage

4 going on adverb

∎ he must be going on fifty il doit approcher de la ou aller sur la cinquantaine;

∎ it was going on (for) midnight by the time we finished quand on a terminé, il était près de minuit

5 on the go adjective familiar

(a) (busy)

∎ I've been on the go all day je n'ai pas arrêté de toute la journée^□ ;

∎ to be always on the go être toujours à trotter ou à courir, avoir la bougeotte;

∎ to keep sb on the go faire trimer qn

(b) (in hand)

∎ I have several projects on the go at present j'ai plusieurs projets en route en ce moment^□

6 to go

1 adverb

à faire;

∎ there are only three weeks/five miles to go il ne reste plus que trois semaines/cinq miles;

∎ five done, three to go cinq de faits, trois à faire

2 adjective

esp American (to take out) two hamburgers to go deux hamburgers à emporter!

➲ go about

1 intransitive verb

(a) (move) circuler; (of rumour) courir;

∎ policemen usually go about in pairs en général, les policiers circulent par deux;

∎ you can't go about saying things like that! il ne faut pas raconter des choses pareilles!

(b) Nautical (change tack) virer de bord

2 inseparable transitive verb

(a) (get on with) s'occuper de;

∎ to go about one's business vaquer à ses occupations

(b) (set about) se mettre à;

∎ she showed me how to go about it elle m'a montré comment faire ou comment m'y prendre;

∎ how do you go about applying for the job? comment doit-on s'y prendre ou faire pour postuler l'emploi?

(c) (country) parcourir

➲ go about with inseparable transitive verb

(frequent)

∎ her son goes about with an older crowd son fils fréquente des gens plus âgés que lui;

∎ he's going about with Rachel these days il sort avec Rachel en ce moment

➲ go across

1 inseparable transitive verb

traverser

2 intransitive verb

traverser;

∎ your brother has just gone across to the shop ton frère est allé faire un saut au magasin en face

➲ go after inseparable transitive verb

(a) (follow) suivre

(b) (pursue, seek → criminal) poursuivre; (→ prey) chasser; (→ job, prize) essayer d'obtenir;

∎ he goes after all the women il court après toutes les femmes;

∎ I'm going after that job je vais essayer d'obtenir cet emploi

➲ go against inseparable transitive verb

(a) (disregard) aller contre, aller à l'encontre de;

∎ she went against my advice elle n'a pas suivi mon conseil;

∎ I went against my mother's wishes je suis allé contre ou j'ai contrarié les désirs de ma mère

(b) (conflict with) contredire;

∎ that goes against what he told me c'est en contradiction avec ou ça contredit ce qu'il m'a dit;

∎ the decision went against public opinion la décision est allée à l'encontre de ou a heurté l'opinion publique;

∎ it goes against my principles c'est contre mes principes

(c) (be unfavourable to → of luck, situation) être contraire à; (→ of opinion) être défavorable à; (→ of behaviour, evidence) nuire à, être préjudiciable à;

∎ the verdict went against the defendant le verdict a été défavorable à l'accusé ou a été prononcé contre l'accusé;

∎ if luck should go against him si la chance lui était contraire;

∎ her divorce may go against her winning the election son divorce pourrait nuire à ses chances de gagner les élections

➲ go ahead intransitive verb

(a) (precede) passer devant;

∎ he went ahead of us il est parti avant nous;

∎ I let him go ahead of me in the queue je l'ai fait passer devant moi dans la queue

(b) (proceed) aller de l'avant;

∎ go ahead! tell me! vas-y! dis-le-moi!;

∎ the mayor allowed the demonstrations to go ahead le maire a permis aux manifestations d'avoir lieu;

∎ the move had gone ahead as planned le déménagement s'était déroulé comme prévu;

∎ to go ahead with sth démarrer qch;

∎ they're going ahead with the project after all ils ont finalement décidé de mener le projet à bien;

∎ he went ahead and did it (without hesitating) il l'a fait sans l'ombre d'une hésitation; (despite warnings) rien ne l'a arrêté

(c) (advance, progress) progresser, faire des progrès

➲ go along intransitive verb

(a) (move from one place to another) aller, avancer;

∎ go along and ask your mother va demander à ta mère;

∎ she went along with them to the fair elle les a accompagnés ou elle est allée avec eux à la foire;

∎ we can talk it over as we go along nous pouvons en discuter en chemin ou en cours de route;

∎ I just make it up as I go along j'invente au fur et à mesure

(b) (progress) se dérouler, se passer;

∎ things were going along nicely tout allait ou se passait bien

(c) (go to meeting, party etc) aller

➲ go along with inseparable transitive verb

(decision, order) accepter, s'incliner devant; (rule) observer, respecter;

∎ that's what they decided and I went along with it c'est la décision qu'ils ont prise et je l'ai acceptée;

∎ I go along with the committee on that point je suis d'accord avec ou je soutiens le comité sur ce point;

∎ I can't go along with you on that je ne suis pas d'accord avec vous là-dessus;

∎ he went along with his father's wishes il s'est conformé aux ou a respecté les désirs de son père

➲ go around intransitive verb

(a) (habitually) passer son temps à;

∎ he goes around mumbling to himself il passe son temps à radoter;

∎ she just goes around annoying everyone elle passe son temps à énerver tout le monde;

∎ he goes around in black leather il se promène toujours en ou il est toujours habillé en cuir noir

(b) (document, illness) circuler; (gossip, rumour) courir, circuler

(c) (be long enough for)

∎ will that belt go around your waist? est-ce que cette ceinture sera assez grande pour toi?

➲ go around with = go about with

➲ go at inseparable transitive verb

familiar (attack → food) attaquer, se jeter sur; (→ job, task) s'attaquer à; (→ person) attaquer;

∎ they were still going at it the next day ils y étaient encore le lendemain;

∎ she went at the cleaning with a will elle s'est attaquée au nettoyage avec ardeur

➲ go away intransitive verb

partir, s'en aller;

∎ go away! va-t'en!;

∎ I'm going away for a few days je pars pour quelques jours;

∎ she's gone away to think about it elle est partie réfléchir

➲ go back intransitive verb

(a) (return) revenir, retourner;

∎ she went back to bed elle est retournée au lit, elle s'est recouchée;

∎ to go back to sleep se rendormir;

∎ they went back home ils sont rentrés chez eux ou à la maison;

∎ I went back downstairs/upstairs je suis redescendu/remonté;

∎ to go back to work (continue task) se remettre au travail; (return to place of work) retourner travailler; (return to employment) reprendre le travail;

∎ to go back on one's steps rebrousser chemin, revenir sur ses pas;

∎ let's go back to chapter two revenons ou retournons au deuxième chapitre;

∎ we went back to the beginning nous avons recommencé;

∎ let's go back to why you said that revenons à la question de savoir pourquoi vous avez dit ça;

∎ the clocks go back one hour today on retarde les pendules d'une heure aujourd'hui

(b) (retreat) reculer;

∎ go back! recule!

(c) (revert) revenir;

∎ we went back to the old system nous sommes revenus à l'ancien système;

∎ he went back to his old habits il a repris ses anciennes habitudes;

∎ the conversation kept going back to the same subject la conversation revenait sans cesse sur le même sujet;

∎ men are going back to wearing their hair long les hommes reviennent aux cheveux longs ou se laissent à nouveau pousser les cheveux

(d) (in time) remonter;

∎ our records go back to 1850 nos archives remontent à 1850;

∎ this building goes back to the Revolution ce bâtiment date de ou remonte à la Révolution;

∎ familiar we go back a long way, Brad and me ça remonte à loin, Brad et moi

(e) (extend, reach) s'étendre;

∎ the garden goes back 150 metres le jardin s'étend sur 150 mètres

➲ go back on inseparable transitive verb

(fail to keep → agreement) rompre, violer; (→ promise) manquer à, revenir sur;

∎ they went back on their decision ils sont revenus sur leur décision;

∎ he won't go back on his word il ne manquera pas à sa parole

➲ go before

1 intransitive verb

(precede) passer devant; (happen before) précéder;

∎ that question has nothing to do with what went before cette question n'a rien à voir avec ce qui précède ou avec ce qui a été dit avant;

∎ the election was like nothing that had gone before l'élection ne ressemblait en rien aux précédentes;

∎ euphemism those who have gone before (the dead) ceux qui nous ont précédés

2 inseparable transitive verb

(a) (precede) précéder;

∎ we are indebted to those who have gone before us nous devons beaucoup à ceux qui nous ont précédés

(b) (appear before)

∎ your suggestion will go before the committee votre suggestion sera soumise au comité;

∎ to go before a judge/jury passer devant un juge/un jury;

∎ the matter went before the court l'affaire est allée devant les tribunaux

➲ go below intransitive verb

Nautical descendre dans l'entrepont

➲ go by

1 intransitive verb

(pass → car, person) passer; (→ time) passer, s'écouler;

∎ as the years go by avec les années, à mesure que les années passent;

∎ in days or in times or in years gone by autrefois, jadis;

∎ to let an opportunity go by laisser passer une occasion

2 inseparable transitive verb

(a) (act in accordance with, be guided by) suivre, se baser sur;

∎ don't go by the map ne vous fiez pas à la carte;

∎ I'll go by what the boss says je me baserai sur ce que dit le patron;

∎ he goes by the rules il suit le règlement

(b) (judge by) juger d'après;

∎ going by her accent, I'd say she's from New York si j'en juge d'après son accent, je dirais qu'elle vient de New York;

∎ you can't go by appearances on ne peut pas juger d'après ou sur les apparences

(c) (be known by)

∎ to go by a different/false name être connu sous un nom différent/un faux nom;

∎ the product goes by the name of "Bango" in France ce produit est vendu sous le nom de "Bango" en France

➲ go down

1 intransitive verb

(a) (descend, move to lower level) descendre;

∎ he went down on all fours or on his hands and knees il s'est mis à quatre pattes;

∎ going down! (in lift) on descend!, pour descendre!

(b) (proceed, travel) aller;

∎ we're going down to Tours/the country/the shop nous allons à Tours/à la campagne/au magasin

(c) (set → moon, sun) se coucher, tomber

(d) (sink → ship) couler, sombrer; (→ person) couler, disparaître (sous l'eau)

(e) (decrease, decline → level, price, quality) baisser; (→ amount, numbers) diminuer; (→ rate, temperature) baisser, s'abaisser; (→ fever) baisser, tomber; (→ tide) descendre;

∎ the dollar is going down in value le dollar perd de sa valeur, le dollar est en baisse;

∎ eggs are going down (in price) le prix des œufs baisse;

∎ my weight has gone down j'ai perdu du poids;

∎ he's gone down in my estimation il a baissé dans mon estime;

∎ the neighbourhood's really gone down since then le quartier ne s'est vraiment pas arrangé depuis;

∎ to have gone down in the world avoir connu des jours meilleurs

(f) (become less swollen → swelling) désenfler, dégonfler; (→ balloon, tyre) se dégonfler

(g) (food, medicine) descendre;

∎ this wine goes down very smoothly ce vin se laisse boire (comme du petit-lait)

(h) (produce specified reaction) être reçu;

∎ a cup of coffee would go down nicely une tasse de café serait la bienvenue;

∎ his speech went down badly/well son discours a été mal/bien reçu;

∎ how will the proposal go down with the students? comment les étudiants vont-ils prendre la proposition?;

∎ that kind of talk doesn't go down well with me je n'apprécie pas du tout ce genre de propos

(i) (lose) être battu;

∎ Mexico went down to Germany le Mexique s'est incliné devant l'Allemagne;

∎ Madrid went down to Milan by three points Milan a battu Madrid de trois points;

∎ I'm not going to go down without a fight je me battrai jusqu'à la fin

(j) (be relegated) descendre;

∎ our team has gone down to the second division notre équipe est descendue en deuxième division

(k) (be noted, recorded) être noté; (in writing) être pris ou couché par écrit;

∎ this day will go down in history ce jour restera une date historique;

∎ she will go down in history as a woman of great courage elle entrera dans l'histoire grâce à son grand courage

(l) (reach as far as) descendre, s'étendre;

∎ this path goes down to the beach ce sentier va ou descend à la plage

(m) (continue as far as) aller, continuer;

∎ go down to the end of the street allez ou continuez jusqu'en bas de la rue

(n) British University entrer dans la période des vacances

(o) Cards (in bridge) chuter

(p) Computing tomber en panne; (of computer network) planter;

∎ the computer's gone down l'ordinateur est en panne

(q) Music (lower pitch) descendre

(r) British familiar (be sent to prison)

∎ how long do you think he'll go down for? il écopera de combien, à ton avis?;

∎ he went down for three years il a écopé de trois ans

(s) American familiar (happen) se passer^□

2 inseparable transitive verb

(hill, stairs, ladder, street) descendre;

∎ my food went down the wrong way j'ai avalé de travers;

∎ Music the pianist went down an octave le pianiste a joué une octave plus bas ou a descendu d'une octave;

∎ British School to go down a class descendre d'une classe;

∎ figurative I don't want to go down that road je ne veux pas m'engager là-dedans

➲ go down on inseparable transitive verb

vulgar (fellate) sucer, tailler ou faire une pipe à; (perform cunnilingus on) sucer, brouter le cresson à

➲ go down with inseparable transitive verb

tomber malade de;

∎ he went down with pneumonia/the flu il a attrapé une pneumonie/la grippe

➲ go for inseparable transitive verb

(a) (fetch) aller chercher;

∎ he went for a doctor il est allé ou parti chercher un médecin

(b) (try to obtain) essayer d'obtenir, viser;

∎ she's going for his job elle va essayer d'obtenir son poste;

∎ familiar go for it! vas-y!;

∎ I'd go for it if I were you! à ta place, je n'hésiterais pas!;

∎ she was really going for it elle donnait vraiment son maximum

(c) (attack → physically) tomber sur, s'élancer sur; (→ verbally) s'en prendre à;

∎ dogs usually go for the throat en général, les chiens attaquent à la gorge;

∎ they went for each other (physically) ils se sont jetés l'un sur l'autre; (verbally) ils s'en sont pris l'un à l'autre;

∎ the newspapers really went for the senator les journaux s'en sont pris au sénateur sans retenue;

∎ go for him! (to dog) attaque!

(d) familiar (like) aimer^□, adorer^□ ;

∎ I don't really go for that idea l'idée ne me dit pas grand-chose;

∎ he really goes for her in a big way il est vraiment fou d'elle

(e) (choose, prefer) choisir, préférer

(f) (apply to, concern) concerner, s'appliquer à;

∎ what I said goes for both of you ce que j'ai dit vaut pour ou s'applique à vous deux;

∎ pollution is a real problem in Paris - that goes for Rome too la pollution pose un énorme problème à Paris - c'est la même chose à Rome;

∎ and the same goes for me et moi aussi

(g) (have as result) servir à;

∎ his twenty years of service went for nothing ses vingt ans de service n'ont servi à rien

(h) (be to the advantage of)

∎ she has a lot going for her elle a beaucoup d'atouts;

∎ that idea hasn't got much going for it frankly cette idée n'est franchement pas très convaincante

➲ go forth intransitive verb archaic or literary

(a) (leave) sortir;

∎ the army went forth into battle l'armée s'est mise en route pour la bataille;

∎ Bible go forth and multiply croissez et multipliez-vous

(b) (be pronounced) être prononcé; (be published) paraître;

∎ the command went forth that… il fut décrété que…

➲ go forward intransitive verb

(s')avancer;

∎ the clocks go forward tomorrow on avance les pendules demain;

∎ if this scheme goes forward… si ce projet est accepté…

➲ go in intransitive verb

(a) (enter) entrer, rentrer;

∎ it's cold - let's go in il fait froid - entrons;

∎ it's too big, it won't go in c'est trop grand, ça ne rentrera pas

(b) (disappear → moon, sun) se cacher

(c) Sport (in cricket) prendre son tour au guichet

(d) Military (attack) attaquer

➲ go in for inseparable transitive verb

(a) (engage in → activity, hobby, sport) pratiquer, faire; (→ occupation) se consacrer à; (→ politics) s'occuper de, faire;

∎ she went in for company law elle s'est lancée dans le droit commercial;

∎ he thought about going in for teaching il a pensé devenir enseignant

(b) familiar (be interested in) s'intéresser à^□ ; (like) aimer^□ ;

∎ I don't go in much for opera je n'aime pas trop l'opéra, l'opéra ne me dit rien;

∎ he goes in for special effects in a big way il est très branché effets spéciaux;

∎ we don't go in for that kind of film nous n'aimons pas ce genre de film;

∎ this publisher doesn't really go in for fiction cet éditeur ne fait pas tellement dans le roman

(c) familiar (use)

∎ they don't go in for injections so much nowadays ils ne sont pas tellement pour les piqûres de nos jours;

∎ why do scientists go in for all that jargon? pourquoi est-ce que les scientifiques utilisent tout ce jargon?

(d) (take part in → competition, race) prendre part à; (→ examination) se présenter à

(e) (apply for → job, position) poser sa candidature à, postuler

➲ go into inseparable transitive verb

(a) (enter → building, house) entrer dans; (→ activity, profession) entrer à ou dans; (→ politics, business) se lancer dans;

∎ she's gone into hospital elle est (r)entrée à l'hôpital;

∎ to go into the army (as profession) devenir militaire de carrière; (as conscript) partir au service;

∎ he went into medicine il a choisi la médecine

(b) (be invested → of effort, money, time)

∎ a lot of care had gone into making her feel at home on s'était donné beaucoup de peine pour la mettre à l'aise;

∎ two months of research went into our report nous avons mis ou investi deux mois de recherche dans notre rapport

(c) (embark on → action) commencer à; (→ explanation, speech) se lancer ou s'embarquer dans, (se mettre à) donner; (→ problem) aborder;

∎ I'll go into the problem of your taxes later j'aborderai le problème de vos impôts plus tard;

∎ the car went into a skid la voiture a commencé à déraper;

∎ to go into hysterics avoir une crise de nerfs;

∎ to go into fits of laughter être pris d'un fou rire

(d) (examine, investigate) examiner, étudier;

∎ you need to go into the question more deeply vous devez examiner le problème de plus près;

∎ the matter is being gone into l'affaire est à l'étude

(e) (explain in depth) entrer dans;

∎ the essay goes into the moral aspects of the question l'essai aborde les aspects moraux de la question;

∎ I won't go into details je ne vais pas entrer dans les détails;

∎ let's not go into that ne parlons pas de ça

(f) (begin to wear) se mettre à porter;

∎ to go into mourning prendre le deuil

(g) (hit, run into) entrer dans;

∎ a car went into him une voiture lui est rentrée dedans

(h) Computing (file, program) aller dans;

∎ to go into a file aller dans un fichier

➲ go off

1 intransitive verb

(a) (leave) partir, s'en aller;

∎ she went off to work elle est partie travailler;

∎ her husband has gone off and left her son mari l'a quittée;

∎ Theatre the actors went off les acteurs ont quitté la scène

(b) (stop operating → light, radio) s'éteindre; (→ heating) s'éteindre, s'arrêter; (→ pain) partir, s'arrêter;

∎ the electricity went off l'électricité a été coupée

(c) (become activated → bomb, firework) exploser; (→ gun) partir; (→ alarm, alarm clock) sonner;

∎ the grenade went off in her hand la grenade a explosé dans sa main;

∎ the gun didn't go off le coup n'est pas parti;

∎ figurative to go off into fits of laughter être pris d'un fou rire

(d) (have specified outcome) se passer;

∎ the interview went off badly/well l'entretien s'est mal/bien passé;

∎ her speech went off well son discours a été bien reçu

(e) (fall asleep) s'endormir

(f) British (deteriorate → food) s'avarier, se gâter; (→ milk) tourner; (→ butter) rancir; (→ athlete, sportsperson) perdre sa forme;

∎ the play goes off in the second half la pièce se gâte pendant la seconde partie

2 inseparable transitive verb

British familiar (stop liking) perdre le goût de^□ ;

∎ he's gone off classical music/smoking il n'aime plus la musique classique/fumer, la musique classique/fumer ne l'intéresse plus;

∎ I've gone off the idea cette idée ne me dit plus rien;

∎ she's gone off her boyfriend son copain ne l'intéresse plus;

∎ funny how you can go off people c'est drôle comme on se lasse des gens parfois

➲ go off with inseparable transitive verb

(a) (leave with) partir avec;

∎ he went off with the woman next door il est parti avec la voisine

(b) (make off with) partir avec;

∎ someone has gone off with his keys quelqu'un est parti avec ses clés;

∎ he went off with the jewels il s'est enfui avec les bijoux

➲ go on

1 intransitive verb

(a) (move, proceed) aller; (without stopping) poursuivre son chemin; (after stopping) repartir, se remettre en route;

∎ you go on, I'll catch up allez-y, je vous rattraperai (en chemin);

∎ they went on without us ils sont partis sans nous;

∎ after dinner they went on to Susan's house après le dîner, ils sont allés chez Susan;

∎ we went on home nous sommes rentrés

(b) (continue action) continuer;

∎ she went on (with her) reading elle a continué à ou de lire;

∎ the chairman went on speaking le président a continué son discours;

∎ "and that's not all", he went on "et ce n'est pas tout", a-t-il poursuivi;

∎ you can't go on being a student for ever! tu ne peux pas être étudiant toute ta vie!;

∎ go on looking! cherchez encore!;

∎ go on, ask her vas-y, demande-lui;

∎ familiar go on, be a devil vas-y, laisse-toi tenter!;

∎ go on, I'm listening continuez, je vous écoute;

∎ I can't go on like this! je ne peux plus continuer comme ça!;

∎ if he goes on like this, he'll get fired s'il continue comme ça, il va se faire renvoyer;

∎ their affair has been going on for years leur liaison dure depuis des années;

∎ the party went on into the small hours la soirée s'est prolongée jusqu'à très tôt le matin;

∎ life goes on la vie continue ou va son train;

∎ British familiar go on (with you)! allons, arrête de me faire marcher!;

∎ they have enough (work) to be going on with ils ont du pain sur la planche ou de quoi faire pour le moment;

∎ here's £25 to be going on with voilà 25 livres pour te dépanner

(c) (proceed to another action)

∎ he went on to explain why il a ensuite expliqué pourquoi;

∎ to go on to another question passer à une autre question;

∎ she went on to become a doctor elle est ensuite devenue médecin

(d) (be placed, fit) aller;

∎ the lid goes on this way le couvercle se met comme ça;

∎ I can't get the lid to go on je n'arrive pas à mettre le couvercle;

∎ the cap goes on the other end le bouchon se met ou va sur l'autre bout

(e) (happen, take place) se passer;

∎ what's going on here? qu'est-ce qui se passe ici?;

∎ there was a fight going on il y avait une bagarre;

∎ a lot of cheating goes on during the exams on triche beaucoup pendant les examens;

∎ several conversations were going on at once il y avait plusieurs conversations à la fois;

∎ while the war was going on pendant la guerre

(f) (elapse) passer, s'écouler;

∎ as the week went on au fur et à mesure que la semaine passait;

∎ as time goes on avec le temps, à mesure que le temps passe

(g) familiar (chatter, talk) parler^□, jacasser^□ ;

∎ she does go on! elle n'arrête pas de parler!, c'est un vrai moulin à paroles!;

∎ he goes on and on about politics il parle politique sans cesse;

∎ don't go on about it! ça va, on a compris!;

∎ I don't want to go on about it, but... je ne voudrais pas avoir l'air d'insister, mais...;

∎ what are you going on about now? qu'est-ce que vous racontez?

(h) familiar (act, behave) se conduire^□, se comporter^□ ;

∎ what a way to go on! en voilà des manières!

(i) (start operating → light, radio, television) s'allumer; (→ heating, motor, power) s'allumer, se mettre en marche

(j) Sport (player) prendre sa place, entrer en jeu

(k) Theatre (actor) entrer en scène

(l) (approach)

∎ he's going on for forty il va sur ses quarante ans

2 inseparable transitive verb

(a) (enter → boat, train) monter dans

(b) (embark on)

∎ to go on a journey/a holiday partir en voyage/en vacances;

∎ to go on a diet se mettre au régime

(c) (be guided by) se laisser guider par, se fonder ou se baser sur;

∎ the detective didn't have much to go on le détective n'avait pas grand-chose sur quoi s'appuyer ou qui puisse le guider;

∎ she goes a lot on instinct elle se fie beaucoup à ou se fonde beaucoup sur son instinct

(d) (approach)

∎ he's going on forty-five il va sur ses quarante-cinq ans;

∎ humorous she's fifteen going on forty-five (wise) elle a quinze ans mais elle est déjà très mûre; (old beyond her years) elle a quinze ans mais elle est vieille avant l'âge

(e) British familiar (usu neg) (appreciate, like) aimer^□ ;

∎ I don't go much on abstract art l'art abstrait ne me dit pas grand-chose

➲ go on at inseparable transitive verb

familiar (criticize) critiquer^□ ; (nag) s'en prendre à^□ ;

∎ the boss went on and on at her at the meeting le patron n'a pas cessé de s'en prendre à elle pendant la réunion;

∎ he's always going on at his wife about money il est toujours sur le dos de sa femme avec les questions d'argent;

∎ I went on at my mother to go and see the doctor j'ai embêté ma mère pour qu'elle aille voir le médecin;

∎ don't go on at me! laisse-moi tranquille!

➲ go out intransitive verb

(a) (leave) sortir;

∎ my parents made us go out of the room mes parents nous ont fait sortir de la pièce ou quitter la pièce;

∎ to go out for a meal aller au restaurant;

∎ to go out to dinner sortir dîner;

∎ to go out for a walk aller se promener, aller faire une promenade;

∎ she's gone out to get a paper elle est sortie (pour) acheter un journal;

∎ they went out to the country ils sont allés ou ils ont fait une sortie à la campagne;

∎ she goes out to work elle travaille en dehors de la maison ou hors de chez elle;

∎ he went out of her life il est sorti de sa vie;

∎ she was dressed to go out (ready to leave) elle était prête à sortir; (dressed up) elle était très habillée

(b) (travel) partir; (emigrate) émigrer;

∎ they went out to Africa (travelled) ils sont partis en Afrique; (emigrated) ils sont partis vivre ou ils ont émigré en Afrique

(c) (date) sortir;

∎ to go out with sb sortir avec qn;

∎ we've been going out together for a month ça fait un mois que nous sortons ensemble

(d) (fire, light) s'éteindre

(e) (disappear) disparaître;

∎ the joy went out of her eyes la joie a disparu de son regard;

∎ the spring went out of his step il a perdu sa démarche légère;

∎ all the heart went out of her elle a perdu courage

(f) (cease to be fashionable) passer de mode, se démoder;

∎ to go out of style/fashion ne plus être le bon style/à la mode;

∎ familiar that hairstyle went out with the ark cette coiffure remonte au déluge

(g) (tide) descendre, se retirer;

∎ the tide has gone out la marée est descendue, la mer s'est retirée;

∎ the tide goes out 6 kilometres la mer se retire sur 6 kilomètres

(h) figurative (set out)

∎ I went out to see for myself j'ai décidé de voir par moi-même;

∎ we have to go out and do something about this il faut que nous prenions des mesures ou que nous fassions quelque chose

(i) (be sent → letter) être envoyé; (be published → brochure, pamphlet) être distribué; (be broadcast → radio or television programme) être diffusé

(j) (feelings, sympathies) aller;

∎ our thoughts go out to all those who suffer nos pensées vont vers tous ceux qui souffrent;

∎ my heart goes out to her je suis de tout cœur avec elle dans son chagrin

(k) Sport (be eliminated) être éliminé;

∎ Agassi went out to Henman Agassi s'est fait sortir par Henman

(l) Cards terminer

(m) familiar (idiom)

∎ she went all out to help us elle a fait tout son possible pour nous aider^□

➲ go over

1 intransitive verb

(a) (move overhead) passer;

∎ I just saw a plane go over je viens de voir passer un avion

(b) (move in particular direction) aller; (cross) traverser;

∎ I went over to see her je suis allé la voir;

∎ they went over to talk to her ils sont allés lui parler;

∎ to go over to Europe aller en Europe

(c) (turn upside down) se retourner; (capsize → boat) chavirer, capoter

(d) (change, switch) changer;

∎ I've gone over to another brand of washing powder je viens de changer de marque de lessive;

∎ when will we go over to the metric system? quand est-ce qu'on va passer au système métrique?

(e) (change allegiance) passer, se joindre;

∎ he's gone over to the Socialists il est passé dans le camp des socialistes;

∎ she went over to the enemy elle est passée à l'ennemi

(f) (be received) passer;

∎ the speech went over badly/well le discours a mal/bien passé

2 inseparable transitive verb

(a) (move, travel over) passer par-dessus;

∎ the horse went over the fence le cheval a sauté (par-dessus) la barrière;

∎ we went over a bump on a pris une bosse

(b) (examine → argument, problem) examiner, considérer; (→ accounts, report) examiner, vérifier;

∎ would you go over my report? voulez-vous regarder mon rapport?

(c) (repeat) répéter; (review → notes, speech) réviser, revoir; (→ facts) récapituler, revoir; School réviser;

∎ she went over the interview in her mind elle a repassé l'entretien dans son esprit;

∎ I kept going over everything leading up to the accident je continuais de repenser à tous les détails qui avaient conduit à l'accident;

∎ let's go over it again reprenons, récapitulons;

∎ he goes over and over the same stories il rabâche les mêmes histoires

(d) (rehearse) refaire; (bars of music) rejouer; (sing) rechanter

(e) Television & Radio

∎ let's go over now to our Birmingham studios passons l'antenne à notre studio de Birmingham;

∎ we're going over live now to Paris nous allons maintenant à Paris où nous sommes en direct

➲ go past inseparable transitive verb

(move in front of) passer devant; (move beyond) dépasser

➲ go round

1 intransitive verb

(a) (be enough)

∎ is there enough cake to go round? est-ce qu'il y a assez de gâteau pour tout le monde?;

∎ to make the food go round ménager la nourriture

(b) (visit) aller;

∎ we went round to his house nous sommes allés chez lui;

∎ I'm going round there later on j'y vais plus tard

(c) (circulate → rumour) circuler, courir; (→ bottle, cold, flu) circuler

(d) (be continuously present → idea, tune)

∎ that song keeps going round in my head j'ai cette chanson dans la tête

(e) (spin → wheel) tourner;

∎ figurative my head's going round j'ai la tête qui tourne

(f) (make a detour) faire un détour;

∎ to go round the long way faire un long détour

2 inseparable transitive verb

(tour → museum) faire le tour de;

∎ I hate going round the shops j'ai horreur de faire les boutiques

➲ go through

1 inseparable transitive verb

(a) (crowd, tunnel) traverser;

∎ figurative a shiver went through her un frisson l'a parcourue ou traversée

(b) (endure, experience) subir, souffrir;

∎ he's going through hell c'est l'enfer pour lui;

∎ we all have to go through it sometime on doit tous y passer un jour ou l'autre;

∎ I can't face going through all that again je ne supporterais pas de passer par là une deuxième fois;

∎ after everything she's gone through après tout ce qu'elle a subi ou enduré;

∎ we've gone through a lot together nous avons vécu beaucoup de choses ensemble

(c) (consume, use up → supplies) épuiser; (→ money) dépenser; (→ food) consommer; (wear out) user;

∎ she goes through a pair of tights a week elle use une paire de collants par semaine;

∎ I've gone through the toes of my socks j'ai usé ou troué mes chaussettes au bout;

∎ humorous how many assistants has he gone through now? combien d'assistants a-t-il déjà eus?;

∎ his novel has gone through six editions il y a déjà eu six éditions de son roman

(d) (examine → accounts, document) examiner, vérifier; (→ list, proposal) éplucher; (→ mail) dépouiller; (→ drawer, pockets) fouiller (dans); (→ files) chercher dans; (sort) trier;

∎ we went through the contract together nous avons regardé ou examiné le contrat ensemble;

∎ did customs go through your suitcase? est-ce qu'ils ont fouillé votre valise à la douane?;

∎ he went through her pockets il a fouillé ses poches

(e) (of bill, law) être voté;

∎ the bill went through Parliament last week le projet de loi a été voté la semaine dernière au Parlement

(f) (carry out, perform → movement, work) faire; (→ formalities) remplir, accomplir;

∎ Music let's go through the introduction again reprenons l'introduction;

∎ we had to go through the whole business of applying for a visa nous avons dû nous farcir toutes les démarches pour obtenir un visa

(g) (participate in → course of study) étudier; (→ ceremony) participer à

(h) (practise → lesson, poem) réciter; (→ role, scene) répéter;

∎ let's go through it again from the beginning reprenons dès le début

2 intransitive verb

(a) (travel through, penetrate) passer, traverser

(b) (offer, proposal) être accepté; (business deal) être conclu, se faire; (bill, law) passer, être voté; (divorce) être prononcé;

∎ the adoption finally went through l'adoption s'est faite finalement

➲ go through with inseparable transitive verb

∎ to go through with sth aller jusqu'au bout de qch, exécuter qch;

∎ he'll never go through with it il n'ira jamais jusqu'au bout;

∎ they went through with their threat ils ont exécuté leur menace

➲ go together intransitive verb

(a) (colours, flavours) aller bien ensemble; (characteristics, ideas) aller de pair;

∎ the two things often go together les deux choses vont souvent de pair

(b) American (people) sortir ensemble

➲ go towards inseparable transitive verb

(a) (move towards) aller vers

(b) (effort, money) être consacré à;

∎ all her energy went towards fighting illiteracy elle a dépensé toute son énergie à combattre l'analphabétisme

➲ go under

1 intransitive verb

(a) (go down → ship) couler, sombrer; (→ person) couler, disparaître (sous l'eau)

(b) figurative (fail → business) couler, faire faillite; (→ project) couler, échouer; (→ person) échouer, sombrer

(c) (under anaesthetic) s'endormir

2 inseparable transitive verb

(a) (move, travel underneath) passer par-dessous

(b) (be known)

∎ to go under a false/different name utiliser ou prendre un faux nom/un nom différent;

∎ a glue that goes under the name of Stikit une colle qui s'appelle Stikit

➲ go up

1 intransitive verb

(a) (ascend, climb → person) monter, aller en haut; (→ lift) monter;

∎ to go up to town aller en ville;

∎ I'm going up to bed je monte me coucher;

∎ have you ever gone up in an aeroplane? êtes-vous déjà monté en avion?;

∎ going up! (in lift) on monte!;

∎ to go up in the world faire son chemin

(b) (increase → amount, numbers) augmenter, croître; (→ price) monter, augmenter; (→ temperature) monter, s'élever;

∎ rents are going up les loyers sont en hausse;

∎ meat is going up (in price) (le prix de) la viande augmente;

∎ to go up in sb's estimation monter dans l'estime de qn

(c) (sudden noise) s'élever;

∎ a shout went up un cri s'éleva

(d) (appear → notices, posters) apparaître; (be built) être construit;

∎ new buildings are going up all over town de nouveaux immeubles surgissent dans toute la ville

(e) (explode, be destroyed) sauter, exploser

(f) Music (raise pitch) monter

(g) Theatre (curtain) se lever;

∎ before the curtain goes up avant le lever du rideau

(h) British University entrer à l'université;

∎ she went up to Oxford in 1950 elle est entrée à Oxford en 1950

(i) American familiar (be sent to prison)

∎ he went up for murder il a fait de la taule pour meurtre

(j) Sport (be promoted)

∎ they look set to go up to the First Division ils ont l'air prêts à entrer en première division

2 inseparable transitive verb

monter;

∎ to go up a hill/ladder monter une colline/sur une échelle;

∎ Music the pianist went up an octave le pianiste a monté d'une octave;

∎ British School to go up a class monter d'une classe

➲ go up to inseparable transitive verb

(a) (approach)

∎ to go up to sb/sth se diriger vers qn/qch;

∎ the path goes up to the front door le chemin mène à la porte d'entrée

(b) (go as far as)

∎ the book only goes up to the end of the war le livre ne va que jusqu'à la fin de la guerre;

∎ I will go up to £100 je veux bien aller jusqu'à 100 livres

➲ go with inseparable transitive verb

(a) (accompany, escort) accompagner, aller avec;

∎ figurative to go with the crowd suivre la foule ou le mouvement;

∎ you have to go with the times il faut vivre avec son temps

(b) (be compatible → colours, flavours) aller avec;

∎ that hat doesn't go with your suit ce chapeau ne va pas avec ton ensemble;

∎ a white Burgundy goes well with snails le bourgogne blanc se marie bien ou va bien avec les escargots

(c) (be part of) aller avec;

∎ the flat goes with the job l'appartement va avec le poste;

∎ the sense of satisfaction that goes with having done a good job le sentiment de satisfaction qu'apporte le travail bien fait;

∎ mathematical ability usually goes with skill at chess des capacités en mathématiques vont souvent de pair avec un don pour les échecs

(d) familiar (spend time with) sortir avec^□ ;

∎ euphemism he's been going with other women (having sex) il a été avec d'autres femmes

➲ go without

1 inseparable transitive verb

se passer de, se priver de;

∎ he went without sleep or without sleeping for two days il n'a pas dormi pendant deux jours

2 intransitive verb

s'en passer;

∎ we'll just have to go without il faudra s'en passer, c'est tout

ⓘ Do not pass go, (do not collect £200/$200) Au Monopoly les joueurs tirent parfois une carte qui les envoie sur la case "prison". Sur cette carte sont inscrits les mots do not pass go, do not collect £200 (ou bien do not collect $200 s'il s'agit de la version américaine). Cette phrase, dont la version française est "ne passez pas par la case départ, ne recevez pas 20 000 francs", est utilisée de façon allusive et sur le mode humoristique dans différents contextes: on dira par exemple you do that again and you're going straight to jail, Bill. Do not pass go, do not collect $200 ("refais ça, Bill, et je t'assure que tu iras droit en prison). On peut également utiliser cette expression lorsque quelqu'un essaie de mener un projet à bien mais rencontre des obstacles: the country is trying hard to get back on its feet but because of the civil war it has not even been allowed to pass go, let alone collect £200 ("le pays fait de son mieux pour se rétablir mais la guerre civile n'arrange rien, bien au contraire").

ⓘ Go ahead, make my day C'est la formule prononcée par l'inspecteur Harry Callahan (incarné par Clint Eastwood) dans le film Sudden Impact (1983) lorsqu'il se trouve confronté à un gangster. Il s'agit d'une façon d'encourager le bandit à se servir de son arme afin de pouvoir l'abattre en état de légitime défense: "allez, vas-y, fais-moi plaisir". On utilise cette formule par allusion au film et en réaction à une personne qui vient de proférer des menaces. Ainsi, le président Reagan s'en servit en s'adressant à des travailleurs qui menaçaient de se mettre en grève.

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > go
16 right

1. adjective
1) (just, morally good) richtig

it is only right [and proper] to do something/that somebody should do something — es ist nur recht und billig, etwas zu tun/dass jemand etwas tut

2) (correct, true) richtig

right enough — völlig richtig

you're [quite] right — du hast [völlig] recht

too right! — (coll.) allerdings!

how right you are! — wie recht du hast!

be right in something — recht mit etwas haben

let's get it right this time! — machen wir es diesmal besser!

is that clock right? — geht die Uhr da richtig?

have you got the right fare? — haben Sie das Fahrgeld passend?

put or set right — richtig stellen [Irrtum]; wieder gutmachen [Unrecht]; berichtigen [Fehler]; bereinigen [Missverständnis]; wieder in Ordnung bringen [Situation, Angelegenheit, Gerät]

put or set somebody right — jemanden berichtigen od. korrigieren

right [you are]!, (Brit.) right oh! — (coll.) okay! (ugs.); alles klar! (ugs.)

that's right — ja[wohl]; so ist es

is that right? — stimmt das?; (indeed?) aha!

[am I] right? — nicht [wahr]?; oder [nicht]? (ugs.); see also academic.ru/1723/all">all 3.

3) (preferable, most suitable) richtig; recht

do something the right way — etwas richtig machen

say/do the right thing — das Richtige sagen/tun

4) (sound, sane) richtig

not be quite right in the head — nicht ganz richtig [im Kopf] sein

as right as rain — (coll.) (in health) gesund wie ein Fisch im Wasser; (satisfactory) in bester Ordnung

put somebody right — (restore to health) jemanden [wieder] auf die Beine bringen; see also mind 1. 7)

5)

you're a right one! — (coll.) du bist mir der/die Richtige!

6) (opposite of left) recht...

on the right side — auf der rechten Seite; rechts; see also turn 1. 3)

be somebody's right arm — (fig.) jemandes rechte Hand sein

7)

Right — (Polit.) recht... See also right side
2. transitive verb
1) (correct) berichtigen; richtig stellen

2) (restore to upright position) [wieder] aufrichten; [Boot usw.:]

right itself — sich [von selbst] [wieder] aufrichten; (fig.): (come to proper state) [Mangel:] sich [von selbst] geben
3. noun
1) (fair claim, authority) Recht, das; Anrecht, das

have a/no right to something — ein/kein Anrecht od. Recht auf etwas (Akk.) haben

have a or the/no right to do something — das/kein Recht haben, etwas zu tun

by right of — auf Grund (+ Gen.)

belong to somebody as of or by right — jemandes rechtmäßiges Eigentum sein

what right has he [got] to do that? — mit welchem Recht tut er das?

in one's own right — aus eigenem Recht

the right to work/life — das Recht auf Arbeit/Leben

right of way — (right to pass across) Wegerecht, das; (path) öffentlicher Weg; (precedence) Vorfahrtsrecht, das

who has the right of way? — wer hat Vorfahrt?

be within one's rights to do something — etwas mit [Fug und] Recht tun können

2) (what is just) Recht, das

right is on our side — das Recht ist auf unserer Seite

by right[s] — von Rechts wegen

do right — sich richtig verhalten; richtig handeln

do right to do something — recht daran tun, etwas zu tun

in the right — im Recht

3) (right-hand side) rechte Seite

move to the right — nach rechts rücken

on or to the right [of somebody/something] — rechts [von jemandem/etwas]

on or to my right, to the right of me — rechts von mir; zu meiner Rechten

drive on the right — rechts fahren

4) (Polit.)

the Right — die Rechte

be on the Right of the party — dem rechten Flügel der Partei angehören

5) in pl. (proper state)

set or put something to rights — etwas in Ordnung bringen

6) (in marching) see left II 3. 4)

7) (Boxing) Rechte, die
4. adverb
1) (properly, correctly, justly) richtig [machen, raten, halten]

go right — (succeed) klappen (ugs.)

nothing is going right for me today — bei mir klappt heute nichts (ugs.)

2) (to the side opposite left) nach rechts

right of the road — rechts von der Straße

3) (all the way) bis ganz; (completely) ganz; völlig

right through the summer — den ganzen Sommer hindurch

right round the house — ums ganze Haus [herum]

rotten right through — durch und durch verfault

4) (exactly) genau

right in the middle of something — mitten in etwas (Dat./Akk.)

right now — im Moment; jetzt sofort, gleich [handeln]

right at the beginning — gleich am Anfang

right on! — (coll.) (approving) recht so!; so ist's recht!; (agreeing) genau!; ganz recht!

5) (straight) direkt; genau

go right on [the way one is going] — [weiter] geradeaus gehen od. fahren

6) (coll.): (immediately)

right [away/off] — sofort; gleich

7) (arch./dial.): (very) sehr

* * *
1. adjective
1) (on or related to the side of the body which in most people has the more skilful hand, or to the side of a person or thing which is toward the east when that person or thing is facing north (opposite to left): When I'm writing, I hold my pen in my right hand.) rechts

2) (correct: Put that book back in the right place; Is that the right answer to the question?) richtig

3) (morally correct; good: It's not right to let thieves keep what they have stolen.) richtig

4) (suitable; appropriate: He's not the right man for this job; When would be the right time to ask him?) richtig
2. noun
1) (something a person is, or ought to be, allowed to have, do etc: Everyone has the right to a fair trial; You must fight for your rights; You have no right to say that.) das Recht

2) (that which is correct or good: Who's in the right in this argument?) das Recht, im Rechten

3) (the right side, part or direction: Turn to the right; Take the second road on the right.)

4) (in politics, the people, group, party or parties holding the more traditional beliefs etc.) die Rechten
3. adverb
1) (exactly: He was standing right here.) direkt

2) (immediately: I'll go right after lunch; I'll come right down.) sofort

3) (close: He was standing right beside me.) direkt

4) (completely; all the way: The bullet went right through his arm.) ganz

5) (to the right: Turn right.) rechts

6) (correctly: Have I done that right?; I don't think this sum is going to turn out right.) richtig
4. verb
1) (to bring back to the correct, usually upright, position: The boat tipped over, but righted itself again.) (auf)richten

2) (to put an end to and make up for something wrong that has been done: He's like a medieval knight, going about the country looking for wrongs to right.) wiedergutmachen
5. interjection
(I understand; I'll do what you say etc: `I want you to type some letters for me.' `Right, I'll do them now.') gut

- righteous
- righteously
- righteousness
- rightful
- rightfully
- rightly
- rightness
- righto
- right-oh
- rights
- right angle
- right-angled
- right-hand
- right-handed
- right wing 6. adjective
((right-wing) (having opinions which are) of this sort.) richtig

- right-winger
- by rights
- by right
- get
- keep on the right side of
- get right
- go right
- not in one's right mind
- not quite right in the head
- not right in the head
- put right
- put/set to rights
- right away
- right-hand man
- right now
- right of way
- serve right
* * *

right

[raɪt]

I. ADJECTIVE

1. inv (morally good) richtig; (fair) gerecht

it was \right of you to tell me es war richtig von dir, es mir zu sagen

you're \right to be annoyed du bist zu Recht verärgert

to do the \right thing das Richtige tun

\right and proper recht und billig

2. inv (correct) answer, direction, order, position richtig; time genau

were you given the \right change? hat man dir richtig herausgegeben?

do you have the \right time? können Sie mir bitte sagen, wie spät es ist?

is your watch \right? geht deine Uhr richtig?

the \right way round [or AM around] richtig herum

to get sth \right etw richtig machen

you got three answers \right du hast drei Antworten richtig

did you get that sum \right? hast du [da] richtig gerechnet?

to put sth \right etw richtigstellen

to put a clock \right eine Uhr richtig einstellen

to put matters \right Tatsachen richtigstellen

to put sb \right jdn berichtigen

3. pred, inv (correct in opinion)

am I \right in thinking that... gehe ich recht in der Annahme, dass...

you were \right about him Sie haben was ihn angeht Recht gehabt

to put [or set] sb \right ( fam) jdn eines Besseren belehren

4. inv (interrogative) oder, richtig

you're leaving tomorrow, \right? Sie haben doch vor, morgen abzureisen, oder [o richtig]?

5. inv (best) richtig

he's the \right person for the job er ist der Richtige für den Job

he thought the time was \right to... er dachte, das sei der passende [o richtige] Zeitpunkt, um...

to be on the \right lines auf dem richtigen Weg sein

to be in the \right place at the \right time zur rechten Zeit am rechten Ort sein

6. inv (important) people, places richtig

7. pred, inv (working correctly) in Ordnung

something isn't quite \right with the brakes irgendetwas stimmt mit den Bremsen nicht [ganz] fam

to put a machine \right eine Maschine reparieren [o in Ordnung bringen

8. inv (healthy)

to put [or set] sb \right jdn gesund machen

to be not [quite] \right in the head ( fam) nicht [ganz] richtig im Kopf sein fam

to be/be not in one's \right mind [ganz]/nicht [ganz] bei Verstand sein

to be as \right as rain ( fam) sich akk gut [o kerngesund] fühlen

9. inv (not left) rechte(r, s)

I would give my \right hand to meet the President ( fam) ich würde alles dafür geben, [um] mal den Präsidenten zu treffen fam

\right helix CHEM rechtsdrehende Helix

a \right hook SPORT ein rechter Haken

to make a \right turn rechts abbiegen

10. inv (conservative) rechte(r, s)

11. attr, inv esp BRIT ( fam: complete) völlige(r, s), totale(r, s) fam

he's a \right idiot er ist ein Vollidiot [o totaler Idiot] fam

12. inv BRIT ( fam: foolish)

a \right one ein Dummkopf m fam

we've got a \right one here! hier haben wir ja einen richtigen Knallkopf! fam

II. ADVERB

inv

1. inv (completely) völlig, ganz

the car ran \right out of fuel der Tank war völlig leer

she walked \right past me sie lief direkt an mir vorbei

\right through durch und durch

to be \right behind sb voll [und ganz] hinter jdm stehen

2. inv (all the way) ganz; (directly) genau, direkt

I filled the bath \right up to the top ich habe die Badewanne [bis zum Rand] volllaufen lassen

she came up \right behind me plötzlich stand sie direkt hinter mir

3. inv ( fam: immediately) gleich

he'll be \right back er ist gleich [wieder] zurück

I'll be \right with you ich komme sofort

\right now gleich jetzt, im Moment

4. inv (correctly) richtig

\right on! ( fam) ganz genau!

\right enough ( fam) völlig richtig

it's a hard job \right enough es ist ein echt harter Job

to guess \right richtig raten

5. inv (morally good)

to do \right by sb sich akk jdm gegenüber anständig [o korrekt] verhalten

6. inv (properly) gut

to go \right gut laufen; (end) gut ausgehen

things have been going \right for me es läuft gut für mich

7. inv (not left) rechts

to go [or turn] \right [nach] rechts abbiegen

8. inv BRIT ( form: in titles)

the R\right Honourable Sarah Bast, MP die sehr Ehrenwerte Sarah Bast, Mitglied des Parlaments

the R\right Reverend John Jones Bischof John Jones

9.

▶ \right away [or BRIT also ( fam) off] sofort, [jetzt] gerade fam

III. NOUN

1. no pl (goodness) Recht nt

the difference between \right and wrong der Unterschied zwischen Recht und Unrecht

2. (morally correct thing) das Richtige

to discuss the \rights and wrongs of sth [über] das Für und Wider [o das Pro und Kontra] einer S. gen diskutieren

3. (claim, entitlement) Recht nt

the \right to sth das Anrecht auf etw akk

\right of abode Wohnrecht nt

\right of asylum Asylrecht nt

\right of determination Bestimmungsrecht nt

\right of entry Eintrittsrecht nt

\right of free speech Recht nt auf freie Meinungsäußerung

\right of indemnity Ersatzanspruch m

\right of inspection Einsichtsrecht nt

\right of lien Pfandrecht nt

\right of recourse Rückgriffsrecht nt

\right to recourse Regressrecht nt

\right of residence Wohnrecht nt

women's \rights die Frauenrechte pl, die Rechte pl der Frau[en]

pre-emptive \right ECON Bezugsrecht nt fachspr

established \right Gewohnheitsrecht nt

it is sb's [legal] \right to do sth es ist jds gutes Recht, etw zu tun

it's my \right as a doctor to... es ist mein Recht als Arzt, zu...

to be within one's \rights to do sth das Recht haben, etw zu tun; (I am within my rights) das ist mein gutes Recht

to have the \right to do sth das Recht haben, etw zu tun

what \right have you got to criticize me? was gibt dir das Recht, mich zu kritisieren?

to know one's \rights seine Rechte kennen

to stand up for one's \rights für seine Rechte einstehen

by \rights von Rechts wegen

4. (authority, ownership)

▪ \rights pl Rechte pl (to an + dat)

fishing \rights Fischereirechte pl

5. no pl (right side) rechte Seite

on [or to] the \right rechts, auf der rechten Seite, zur Rechten geh

on my/her \right rechts [von mir/ihr], zu meiner/ihrer Rechten geh

6. no pl (turn)

to make [or take] [or AM ( fam) hang] a \right [nach] rechts abbiegen

7. no pl (road)

the first/second \right die erste/zweite [Straße] rechts

take the second \right fahren Sie die zweite rechts [rein fam]

8. (fist) Rechte f; (blow) rechter Haken

9. + sing/pl vb POL

▪ the R\right die Rechte

the far \right die Rechtsextremen pl

on the \right im rechten Lager

10.

▶ by \right of sth aufgrund einer S. gen

▶ to be in the \right im Recht sein

▶ in one's own \right selber

▶ to put [or set] sth to \rights etw in Ordnung bringen

to put [or set] the world to \rights die Welt verbessern

IV. TRANSITIVE VERB

1.

▪ to \right sth (correct position) etw aufrichten; (correct condition) etw in Ordnung bringen

the boat will \right itself if it capsizes das Boot balanciert sich von selbst wieder aus, wenn es kentert

2. (rectify)

to \right a mistake/wrong einen Fehler/ein Unrecht wiedergutmachen

V. INTERJECTION

( fam)

1. (okay) in Ordnung, okay fam

\right you are! in Ordnung!

2. BRIT ( fam: agreed)

too \right! wohl [o nur zu] wahr!

3. (filler word) also

so we were on our way to work, \right, when... also, wir waren auf dem Weg zur Arbeit, als...

4. (as introduction)

\right, let's go also, nichts wie los fam

5. AUS (reassuring) nur keine Sorge

* * *
[raɪt]
1. adj

1) (= just, fair, morally good) richtig, recht (S Ger)

it isn't right to lie — es ist nicht richtig or recht zu lügen

he thought it right to warn me — er hielt es für richtig, mich zu warnen

it seemed only right to give him the money — es schien richtig, ihm das Geld zu geben

it's only right (and proper) — es ist nur recht und billig

it is only right to point out that... — es ist nur recht und billig, wenn man darauf hinweist, dass...

to do the right thing by sb — sich jdm gegenüber anständig benehmen

2) (= true, correct) answer, solution, time, train richtig

to be right (person) — recht haben; (answer, solution) richtig sein, stimmen; (clock) richtig gehen

what's the right time? — wie viel Uhr ist es genau?

you're quite right — Sie haben ganz recht

how right you are! (inf) — da haben Sie ganz recht

you were right to refuse or in refusing — Sie hatten recht, als Sie ablehnten

my guess was right — ich habe richtig geraten

let's get it right this time! — mach es dieses Mal richtig; (in reporting facts etc) sag es dieses Mal richtig

to put or set right (error) — korrigieren; clock richtig stellen; situation wieder in Ordnung bringen

I tried to put things right after their quarrel — ich versuchte, nach ihrem Streit wieder einzulenken

3) (= proper) clothes, document richtig

what's the right thing to do in this case? —

to come at the right time — zur rechten Zeit kommen

to do sth the right way — etw richtig machen

that is the right way of looking at it —

the right man for the job — der rechte or richtige Mann für die Stelle

Mr/Miss Right (inf) — der/die Richtige (inf)

we will do what is right for the country —

to know the right people — die richtigen Leute kennen

4)

(= well) the medicine soon put or set him right — die Medizin hat ihn schnell wiederhergestellt or wieder auf die Beine gebracht

I don't feel quite right today — ich fühle mich heute nicht ganz wohl

to be as right as rain (Brit) — kerngesund sein; (after accident) keine Schramme abbekommen haben (inf)

to put the engine right — den Motor reparieren

the plumber put things right — der Klempner brachte alles wieder in Ordnung

to be in one's right mind — klar bei Verstand sein

nobody in their right mind would... — kein vernünftiger Mensch würde...

who in their right mind would...? — welcher vernünftige Mensch würde...?

he's not right in the head (inf) — bei ihm stimmts nicht im Oberstübchen (inf)

See:

→ all right

5)

(phrases) right you are! ( Brit inf ) — gut, schön, okay (inf)

right on! ( esp US inf ) — super! (sl)

that's right, dear, put it on the table — schön, stell es bitte auf den Tisch

so they came in the end – is that right? — und so kamen sie schließlich – wirklich?

right enough! — (das) stimmt!

it's a right mess in there ( Brit inf ) — das ist vielleicht ein Durcheinander hier (inf)

he's a right fool! ( Brit inf ) — er ist wirklich doof (inf)

you're a right one ( Brit inf ) — du bist mir der Richtige (inf)

6) (= opposite of left) rechte(r, s)

right hand —

I'd give my right hand to know the answer — ich würde was drum geben, wenn ich die Antwort wüsste (inf)

on your right hand — rechter Hand, rechts

7)

the right side of the material — die rechte Seite (des Stoffes)

2. adv

1) (= straight, directly) direkt; (= exactly) genau

right in front/ahead of you — direkt or genau vor Ihnen

go right on — gehen/fahren Sie geradeaus weiter

right here — genau hier

right in the middle — genau or direkt in der/die Mitte

right at the beginning — gleich am Anfang

I'll be right with you — ich bin gleich da

it hit me right in the face — der Schlag traf mich genau or voll ins Gesicht

2) (= completely, all the way) ganz

right round the house — ganz um das Haus herum; (inside) durch das ganze Haus

right through (drive, go) —

rotten right through — durch und durch verfault or (fig) verdorben

3) (= correctly) richtig

to guess right — richtig raten

you did right to refuse — es war richtig (von Ihnen) abzulehnen

if everything goes right — wenn alles klappt (inf)

nothing goes right for them — nichts klappt bei ihnen (inf), bei ihnen läuft alles schief (inf)

if I get you right (inf) — wenn ich Sie (da) richtig verstehe

I'll see you right (inf) — ich werde aufpassen, dass Sie nicht zu kurz kommen (inf)

See:

→ serve

4) (old, dial: very) sehr; (Brit)

the Right Honourable John Smith MP — der Abgeordnete John Smith

5) (= opposite of left) rechts

it is right of the bridge — es ist rechts von der Brücke

turn right — biegen Sie rechts ab

to be cheated right, left and centre or right and left (inf) — von vorne bis hinten betrogen werden (inf)

or center ( US inf ) — bei Gott und der Welt Schulden haben (inf)

3. n

1) no pl (moral, legal) Recht nt

he doesn't know right from wrong — er kann Recht und Unrecht nicht auseinanderhalten

I want to know the rights and wrongs of it first — ich möchte erst beide Seiten kennenlernen

to be in the right — im Recht sein

2) (= entitlement) Recht nt; (to sth) (An)recht nt, Anspruch m

(to have) a right to sth — ein (An)recht or einen Anspruch auf etw (acc)

to have a or the right to do sth — ein or das Recht haben, etw zu tun

what right have you to say that? — mit welchem Recht sagen Sie das?

by what right? — mit welchem Recht?

he is within his rights — das ist sein gutes Recht

by rights — rechtmäßig, von Rechts wegen

in one's own right —

the divine right (of kings) — das Gottesgnadentum

See:

→ civil rights

3) pl (COMM) Rechte pl

to have the ( sole) rights to sth — die (alleinigen) Rechte an etw (dat) haben

4)

to put or set sth to rights — etw (wieder) in Ordnung bringen

to put things or the world to rights — die Welt verbessern

5) (= not left) rechte Seite

to drive on the right — rechts fahren

to keep to the right — sich rechts halten, rechts bleiben

on my right — rechts (von mir)

on or to the right of the church — rechts von der Kirche

the Right (Pol) — die Rechte

those to the right of him (Pol) — diejenigen, die weiter rechts stehen als er

4. vt

1) (= return to upright position) aufrichten

2) (= make amends for) wrong wiedergutmachen

3)

the problem should right itself (fig) — das Problem müsste sich von selbst lösen

* * *

right [raıt]

A adj (adv → C und rightly)

1. richtig, recht, angemessen:

it is only right (and proper) es ist nur recht und billig ( that dass);

he is right to do ( oder in doing) so er hat recht oder er tut recht daran(, so zu handeln);

he does not do it the right way er macht es nicht richtig;

the right thing das Richtige;

say the right thing das rechte Wort finden;

think it right es für richtig oder angebracht halten;

know the right people die richtigen Leute kennen, Beziehungen haben; → all Bes Redew

2. richtig:

a) korrekt

b) den Tatsachen entsprechend, wahr (-heitsgemäß):

the solution is right die Lösung stimmt oder ist richtig;

is your watch right? geht Ihre Uhr richtig?;

am I right for …? bin ich auf dem richtigen Weg nach …?;

be right recht haben;

right you are! richtig!, jawohl!;

that’s right! ganz recht!, richtig!, stimmt!;

prove sb right beweisen, dass jemand recht hat; jemandem recht geben (Ereignis);

right? umg richtig?, nicht wahr?;

right oh → righto

3. richtig, geeignet:

he is the right man er ist der Richtige;

the right man in the right place der rechte Mann am rechten Platz;

Mr (Miss) Right umg der (die) Richtige (als Ehepartner)

4. gesund:

out of one’s right mind, not right in one’s ( oder the) head umg nicht richtig (im Kopf), nicht ganz oder recht bei Trost;

in one’s right mind, quite right in one’s ( oder the) mind bei klarem Verstand; → rain A 1

5. richtig, in Ordnung:

come right in Ordnung kommen;

put ( oder set) right

a) in Ordnung bringen,

b) jemanden aufklären (on über akk),

c) einen Irrtum richtigstellen,

d) jemanden gesund machen;

put o.s. right with sb

a) sich vor jemandem rechtfertigen,

b) sich mit jemandem gut stellen

6. recht(er, e, es), Rechts…:

right hand rechte Hand (a. fig Vertrauensperson);

right side

a) rechte Seite, Oberseite f (auch von Stoffen, Münzen etc),

b) fig schöne(re) Seite;

on ( oder to) the right side rechts, rechter Hand;

on the right side of 50 noch nicht 50 (Jahre alt);

stay on the right side of sb es sich mit jemandem nicht verderben; → arm¹ Bes Redew

7. obs rechtmäßig (Erbe etc)

8. MATH

a) rechter (Winkel): → angle¹ A 1

b) rechtwink(e)lig (Dreieck)

c) gerade (Linie)

d) senkrecht (Figur)

9. POL recht(er, e, es), rechtsgerichtet, Rechts…:

be very right sehr weit rechts stehen

B s

1. besonders JUR Recht n:

as of right von Rechts wegen, kraft Gesetzes;

by rights eigentlich;

in the right im Recht;

right or wrong Recht od Unrecht;

know right from wrong Recht von Unrecht unterscheiden können;

do sb right jemandem Gerechtigkeit widerfahren lassen;

give sb their rights jemandem sein Recht geben oder lassen

2. JUR

a) (subjektives) Recht, Anrecht n, (Rechts)Anspruch m ( alle:

to auf akk)

b) Berechtigung f:

right of inheritance Erbschaftsanspruch;

right of possession Eigentumsrecht;

right of sale Verkaufs-, Vertriebsrecht;

right to vote Wahl-, Stimmrecht;

rights and duties Rechte und Pflichten;

by right of kraft (gen), aufgrund von (od gen);

in right of his wife

a) im Namen seiner Frau,

b) vonseiten seiner Frau;

have a right to (ein) Anrecht haben auf;

know one’s rights seine Rechte kennen;

stand on one’s right(s) auf seinem Recht bestehen;

in one’s own right

a) aus eigenem Recht,

b) selbstständig, für sich (allein), selbst;

countess in her own right Gräfin f aus eigenem Recht (durch Erbrecht, nicht durch Ehe);

be within one’s own rights das Recht auf seiner Seite haben;

what right have they to do that? mit welchem Recht tun sie das?;

equal rights pl for women die Gleichberechtigung der Frau; → assemble B, assembly 1, common B 2, exist 1, privacy 2, reserve A 5, right of way, self-determination

3. WIRTSCH

a) (Ankaufs-, Vorkaufs) Recht n, Berechtigung f

b) oft pl Bezugsrecht n (auf Aktien oder Obligationen)

c) Bezug(s)schein m

4. (das) Rechte oder Richtige:

do the right

5. pl (richtige) Ordnung:

bring ( oder put, set) sth to rights etwas (wieder) in Ordnung bringen;

the world was set to rights again die Welt war wieder in Ordnung

6. pl wahrer Sachverhalt

7. (die) Rechte, rechte Seite (auch von Stoff):

on ( oder at, to) the right (of) zur Rechten (gen), rechts (von), auf der rechten Seite (von oder gen), rechter Hand (von);

on our right zu unserer Rechten, uns zur Rechten;

the second turning to ( oder on) the right die zweite Querstraße rechts;

keep to the right

a) sich rechts halten,

b) AUTO rechts fahren;

be to the right of POL rechts stehen von

8. rechte Hand, Rechte f

9. Boxen: Rechte f (Hand oder Schlag)

10. the right, auch the Right POL die Rechte

11. pl JAGD unterste Enden pl (des Hirschgeweihs)

C adv

1. gerade(wegs), direkt:

right ahead ( oder on) geradeaus

2. völlig, ganz (u. gar):

turn right round sich ganz herumdrehen;

rotten right through durch und durch faul

3. genau, direkt:

right in the middle

4. auch right away ( oder off) sofort, (so)gleich:

right at the outset gleich am Anfang;

I’ll be right back ich bin gleich wieder da;

right now (gerade) jetzt, augenblicklich, im Moment; → start A 4

5. richtig, recht:

act ( oder do) right richtig handeln;

you did right to inf es war richtig von dir, dass du …;

guess right richtig (er)raten;

if I get you right wenn ich Sie richtig verstehe; → serve B 11

6. obs recht, ganz:

know right well sehr wohl oder recht gut wissen

7. recht, richtig, gut:

nothing goes right with me (bei) mit geht alles schief;

turn out right gut ausgehen

8. rechts ( from von; to nach), auf der rechten Seite, rechter Hand:

turn right (sich) nach rechts wenden;

right and left

a) rechts und links,

b) fig a. right, left and center (bes Br centre) überall;

right about face! MIL (ganze Abteilung,) kehrt!

9. dial oder umg richtig:

I was right glad

10. hoch, sehr (in Titeln): → honorable 5, reverend A 2

D v/t

1. (aus-, auf)richten, in die richtige Lage bringen:

right the machine FLUG die Maschine abfangen;

the boat rights herself das Schiff richtet sich wieder auf

2. einen Fehler, Irrtum berichtigen:

right itself

a) sich wieder ausgleichen,

b) (wieder) in Ordnung kommen

3. ein Zimmer etc (her)richten, in Ordnung bringen

4. ein Unrecht, einen Schaden etc wiedergutmachen

5. a) jemandem zu seinem Recht verhelfen

b)(o.s. sich) rehabilitieren

E v/i

a) sich (wieder) aufrichten

b) in die richtige Lage kommen

rt abk right

* * *
1. adjective
1) (just, morally good) richtig

it is only right [and proper] to do something/that somebody should do something — es ist nur recht und billig, etwas zu tun/dass jemand etwas tut

2) (correct, true) richtig

right enough — völlig richtig

you're [quite] right — du hast [völlig] recht

too right! — (coll.) allerdings!

how right you are! — wie recht du hast!

be right in something — recht mit etwas haben

let's get it right this time! — machen wir es diesmal besser!

is that clock right? — geht die Uhr da richtig?

have you got the right fare? — haben Sie das Fahrgeld passend?

put or set right — richtig stellen [Irrtum]; wieder gutmachen [Unrecht]; berichtigen [Fehler]; bereinigen [Missverständnis]; wieder in Ordnung bringen [Situation, Angelegenheit, Gerät]

put or set somebody right — jemanden berichtigen od. korrigieren

right [you are]!, (Brit.) right oh! — (coll.) okay! (ugs.); alles klar! (ugs.)

that's right — ja[wohl]; so ist es

is that right? — stimmt das?; (indeed?) aha!

[am I] right? — nicht [wahr]?; oder [nicht]? (ugs.); see also all 3.

3) (preferable, most suitable) richtig; recht

do something the right way — etwas richtig machen

say/do the right thing — das Richtige sagen/tun

4) (sound, sane) richtig

not be quite right in the head — nicht ganz richtig [im Kopf] sein

as right as rain — (coll.) (in health) gesund wie ein Fisch im Wasser; (satisfactory) in bester Ordnung

put somebody right — (restore to health) jemanden [wieder] auf die Beine bringen; see also mind 1. 7)

5)

you're a right one! — (coll.) du bist mir der/die Richtige!

6) (opposite of left) recht...

on the right side — auf der rechten Seite; rechts; see also turn 1. 3)

be somebody's right arm — (fig.) jemandes rechte Hand sein

7)

Right — (Polit.) recht... See also right side
2. transitive verb
1) (correct) berichtigen; richtig stellen

2) (restore to upright position) [wieder] aufrichten; [Boot usw.:]

right itself — sich [von selbst] [wieder] aufrichten; (fig.): (come to proper state) [Mangel:] sich [von selbst] geben
3. noun
1) (fair claim, authority) Recht, das; Anrecht, das

have a/no right to something — ein/kein Anrecht od. Recht auf etwas (Akk.) haben

have a or the/no right to do something — das/kein Recht haben, etwas zu tun

by right of — auf Grund (+ Gen.)

belong to somebody as of or by right — jemandes rechtmäßiges Eigentum sein

what right has he [got] to do that? — mit welchem Recht tut er das?

in one's own right — aus eigenem Recht

the right to work/life — das Recht auf Arbeit/Leben

right of way — (right to pass across) Wegerecht, das; (path) öffentlicher Weg; (precedence) Vorfahrtsrecht, das

who has the right of way? — wer hat Vorfahrt?

be within one's rights to do something — etwas mit [Fug und] Recht tun können

2) (what is just) Recht, das

right is on our side — das Recht ist auf unserer Seite

by right[s] — von Rechts wegen

do right — sich richtig verhalten; richtig handeln

do right to do something — recht daran tun, etwas zu tun

in the right — im Recht

3) (right-hand side) rechte Seite

move to the right — nach rechts rücken

on or to the right [of somebody/something] — rechts [von jemandem/etwas]

on or to my right, to the right of me — rechts von mir; zu meiner Rechten

drive on the right — rechts fahren

4) (Polit.)

the Right — die Rechte

be on the Right of the party — dem rechten Flügel der Partei angehören

5) in pl. (proper state)

set or put something to rights — etwas in Ordnung bringen

6) (in marching) see left II 3. 4)

7) (Boxing) Rechte, die
4. adverb
1) (properly, correctly, justly) richtig [machen, raten, halten]

go right — (succeed) klappen (ugs.)

nothing is going right for me today — bei mir klappt heute nichts (ugs.)

2) (to the side opposite left) nach rechts

right of the road — rechts von der Straße

3) (all the way) bis ganz; (completely) ganz; völlig

right through the summer — den ganzen Sommer hindurch

right round the house — ums ganze Haus [herum]

rotten right through — durch und durch verfault

4) (exactly) genau

right in the middle of something — mitten in etwas (Dat./Akk.)

right now — im Moment; jetzt sofort, gleich [handeln]

right at the beginning — gleich am Anfang

right on! — (coll.) (approving) recht so!; so ist's recht!; (agreeing) genau!; ganz recht!

5) (straight) direkt; genau

go right on [the way one is going] — [weiter] geradeaus gehen od. fahren

6) (coll.): (immediately)

right [away/off] — sofort; gleich

7) (arch./dial.): (very) sehr

* * *

adj.

genau adj.

gerade adj.

gleich adj.

recht adj.

rechts adj.

richtig adj.

sehr adj. adv.

genau adv.

recht adv.

richtig adv. n.

Berechtigung f.

Recht -e n.

English-german dictionary > right
17 seed

1. noun
1) (grain) Samen, der; Samenkorn, das; (of grape etc.) Kern, der; (for birds) Korn, das

2) no pl., no indef. art. (seeds collectively) Samen[körner] Pl.; (for sowing) Saatgut, das; Saat, die

grass seed — Grassamen Pl.

go or run to seed — Samen bilden; [Salat:] [in Samen] schießen; (fig.) herunterkommen (ugs.)

3) (fig.): (beginning) Saat, die

sow [the] seeds of doubt/discord — Zweifel aufkommen lassen/Zwietracht säen

4) (Sport coll.) gesetzter Spieler/gesetzte Spielerin
2. transitive verb
1) (place seeds in) besäen

2) (Sport) setzen [Spieler]

be seeded number one — als Nummer eins gesetzt werden/sein

3) (lit. or fig.): (sprinkle [as] with seed) besäen
3. intransitive verb
(produce seeds) Samen bilden

* * *
[si:d] 1. noun
1) (the (part of) the fruit of a tree, plant etc from which a new plant may be grown: sunflower seeds; grass seed.) der Samen

2) (the beginning from which anything grows: There was already a seed of doubt in her mind.) der Keim

3) ((in a sporting competition etc) a seeded player.) gesetzt
2. verb
1) ((of a plant) to produce seed: A plant seeds after it has flowered.) Samen tragen

2) (in golf, tennis etc, to arrange (good players) in a competition so that they do not compete against each other till the later rounds.) verteilen

•

- academic.ru/110364/seeded">seeded
- seedling
- seedy
- seediness
- seedbed
- go to seed
* * *

seed

[si:d]

I. n

1. (source of a plant) Same[n] m; of grain Korn nt

▪ \seeds pl AGR Saat f kein pl, Saatgut nt kein pl

to sow \seeds Samen [aus]säen

2. no pl (seeds) Samen pl

carrot/parsley/poppy \seed Karotten-/Petersilien-/Mohnsamen pl

to go [or run] to \seed Samen bilden [o tragen]; salad, vegetables schießen

3. ( fig: small beginning of sth) Keim m fig

to sow the \seeds of sth etw säen fig, den Keim zu etw dat legen

4. no pl ( liter: semen) Samen m

5. no pl ( old: offspring) Nachkommenschaft f

the \seed of Abraham/Moses die Kinder Abrahams/Moses

6. (seeded player) Platzierte(r) f(m)

top [or number one] \seed Erstplatzierte(r) f(m)

7. COMPUT Startwert m

8.

▶ to go [or run] to \seed herunterkommen fam

II. vt

1. (sow with seed)

to \seed a bed/field ein Beet/Feld besäen

2. (drop its seed)

▪ to \seed itself sich akk aussäen

3. (help start)

▪ to \seed sth etw bestücken [o ausstatten]

to \seed a project with the necessary funds ein Projekt mit den nötigen Mitteln versehen

4. (remove seeds from)

▪ to \seed sth etw entkernen

5. usu passive SPORT

to be \seeded gesetzt [o platziert] sein

* * *
[siːd]
1. n

1) (BOT: one single) Samen m; (of grain, poppy, sesame etc) Korn nt; (within fruit) (Samen)kern m; (collective) Samen pl; (for birds) Körner pl; (= grain) Saat f, Saatgut nt; (liter, = sperm) Samen pl; (= offspring) Nachkommen pl; (fig, of unrest, idea etc) Keim m (of zu)

to go or run to seed (vegetables) — schießen; (flowers) einen Samenstand bilden; ( fig : person ) herunterkommen

to sow the seeds of doubt (in sb's mind) — (bei jdm) Zweifel säen or den Keim des Zweifels legen

he sowed the seed from which... developed — er hat den Keim gelegt, aus dem sich... entwickelte

I don't want to make a detailed proposal, just to sow the seeds — ich möchte keinen konkreten Vorschlag machen, ich möchte nur den Boden dafür bereiten

2) (SPORT)

to be the third seed — als Dritter platziert or gesetzt sein

the number one seed — der/die als Nummer eins Gesetzte

2. vt

1) (= sow with seed) besäen

2) (= extract seeds from) entkernen

3) (SPORT) setzen, platzieren

seeded number one — als Nummer eins gesetzt

seeded players — gesetzte or platzierte Spieler

3. vi
(vegetables) schießen; (flowers) Samen entwickeln
4. vr

to seed itself (plant) — sich aussäen

* * *

seed [siːd]

A

1. BOT

a) Same m

b) (Obst)Kern m

c) koll Samen pl

d) AGR Saat(gut) f(n):

go ( oder run) to seed schießen (Salat etc), fig herunter-, verkommen, verwahrlosen

2. AGR, BOT Diasporen pl (Verbreitungseinheiten der Pflanzen)

3. obs oder dial PHYSIOL Samen m, Sperma n

4. ZOOL Ei n oder Eier pl (besonders des Hummers und der Seidenraupe)

5. ZOOL Austernbrut f

6. BIBEL koll Same m, Nachkommen(schaft) pl(f):

the seed of Abraham der Same Abrahams (die Juden);

not of mortal seed nicht irdischer Herkunft

7. pl fig Saat f, Keim m:

the seeds of reform (suspicion) der Keim einer Reform (des Argwohns);

sow the seeds of discord (die Saat der) Zwietracht säen

8. MED Radiumkapsel f (zur Krebsbehandlung etc)

9. Bläschen n (in Glas)

10. SPORT gesetzte(r) Spieler(in):

XY, the third seed XY, an Nummer drei gesetzt oder die Nummer drei der Setzliste

B v/t

1. Samen (aus)säen

2. einen Acker etc besäen ( with mit)

3. entsamen, Obst entkernen, Flachs riffeln

4. SPORT einen Spieler etc setzen:

he eliminated third-seeded XY er schaltete den an Nummer drei gesetzten XY aus

5. METEO Wolken impfen

C v/i

1. BOT

a) Samen tragen

b) in Samen schießen

c) sich aussäen

2. AGR

a) säen

b) pflanzen

* * *
1. noun
1) (grain) Samen, der; Samenkorn, das; (of grape etc.) Kern, der; (for birds) Korn, das

2) no pl., no indef. art. (seeds collectively) Samen[körner] Pl.; (for sowing) Saatgut, das; Saat, die

grass seed — Grassamen Pl.

go or run to seed — Samen bilden; [Salat:] [in Samen] schießen; (fig.) herunterkommen (ugs.)

3) (fig.): (beginning) Saat, die

sow [the] seeds of doubt/discord — Zweifel aufkommen lassen/Zwietracht säen

4) (Sport coll.) gesetzter Spieler/gesetzte Spielerin
2. transitive verb
1) (place seeds in) besäen

2) (Sport) setzen [Spieler]

be seeded number one — als Nummer eins gesetzt werden/sein

3) (lit. or fig.): (sprinkle [as] with seed) besäen
3. intransitive verb
(produce seeds) Samen bilden

* * *

n.

Keim-) -e m.

Saat -en f.

Saatgut n.

Same -n m.

Samen -- m. v.

säen v.

English-german dictionary > seed
18 START

1. intransitive verb
1) (begin) anfangen; beginnen (oft geh.)

start on something — etwas beginnen

start with something/somebody — bei od. mit etwas/jemandem anfangen

prices start at ten dollars — die Preise beginnen bei zehn Dollar

start at the beginning — am Anfang beginnen

to start with — zuerst od. zunächst einmal

starting from next month — ab nächsten Monat

2) (set out) aufbrechen

3) (make sudden movement) aufschrecken

start with pain/surprise — vor Schmerz/Überraschung auffahren

start from one's chair — von seinem Stuhl hochfahren

4) (begin to function) anlaufen; [Auto, Motor usw.:] anspringen
2. transitive verb
1) (begin) beginnen [mit]

start school — in die Schule kommen

start work — mit der Arbeit beginnen (on an + Dat.); (after leaving school) zu arbeiten anfangen

start doing or to do something — [damit] anfangen, etwas zu tun

2) (cause) auslösen; anfangen [Streit, Schlägerei]; legen [Brand]; (accidentally) verursachen [Brand]

3) (set up) ins Leben rufen [Organisation, Projekt]; aufmachen [Laden, Geschäft]; gründen [Verein, Firma, Zeitung]

4) (switch on) einschalten; starten, anlassen [Motor, Auto]

5)

start somebody doing something — jemanden anfangen lassen, etwas zu tun

start somebody drinking/coughing/laughing — jemanden zum Trinken/Husten/Lachen bringen

start somebody on a diet — jemanden auf Diät (Akk.) setzen

start somebody in business/a trade — jemandem die Gründung eines Geschäfts ermöglichen/jemanden in ein Handwerk einführen

6) (Sport)

start a race — ein Rennen starten

start a football match — ein Fußballspiel anpfeifen
3. noun
1) Anfang, der; Beginn, der; (of race) Start, der

from the start — von Anfang an

from start to finish — von Anfang bis Ende

at the start — am Anfang

at the start of the war/day — bei Kriegsbeginn/zum Tagesanfang

make a start — anfangen (on, with mit); (on journey) aufbrechen

get off to or make a good/slow/poor start — einen guten/langsamen/schlechten Start haben

for a start — (coll.) zunächst einmal

2) (Sport): (starting-place) Start, der

3) (Sport): (advantage) Vorsprung, der

give somebody [a] 60 metres start — jemandem eine Vorgabe von 60 Metern geben

have a start over or on somebody/something — (fig.) einen Vorsprung vor jemandem/etwas haben

4) (jump)

she remembered or realized with a start that... — sie schreckte zusammen, als ihr einfiel, dass...

give somebody [a] start — jemandem einen Schreck einjagen

Phrasal Verbs:

- academic.ru/70368/start_off">start off

- start out

- start up

* * *
I 1. verb
1) (to leave or begin a journey: We shall have to start at 5.30 a.m. in order to get to the boat in time.) aufbrechen

2) (to begin: He starts working at six o'clock every morning; She started to cry; She starts her new job next week; Haven't you started (on) your meal yet?; What time does the play start?) anfangen

3) (to (cause an engine etc to) begin to work: I can't start the car; The car won't start; The clock stopped but I started it again.) anlassen, anspringen

4) (to cause something to begin or begin happening etc: One of the students decided to start a college magazine.) gründen
2. noun
1) (the beginning of an activity, journey, race etc: I told him at the start that his idea would not succeed; The runners lined up at the start; He stayed in the lead after a good start; I shall have to make a start on that work.) der Anfang, der Start

2) (in a race etc, the advantage of beginning before or further forward than others, or the amount of time, distance etc gained through this: The youngest child in the race got a start of five metres; The driver of the stolen car already had twenty minutes' start before the police began the pursuit.) der Vorsprung

•

- starter
- starting-point
- for a start
- get off to a good
- bad start
- start off
- start out
- start up
- to start with II 1. verb
(to jump or jerk suddenly because of fright, surprise etc: The sudden noise made me start.) aufschrecken
2. noun
1) (a sudden movement of the body: He gave a start of surprise.) das Auffahren

2) (a shock: What a start the news gave me!) der Schreck

* * *

START

[stɑ:t, AM stɑ:rt]

abbrev of Strategic Arms Reduction Talks/Treaty START[-Vertrag m]

* * *
[stAːt] abbr START(-Vertrag) m
* * *

START abk Strategic Arms Reduction Talks START

* * *
1. intransitive verb
1) (begin) anfangen; beginnen (oft geh.)

start on something — etwas beginnen

start with something/somebody — bei od. mit etwas/jemandem anfangen

prices start at ten dollars — die Preise beginnen bei zehn Dollar

start at the beginning — am Anfang beginnen

to start with — zuerst od. zunächst einmal

starting from next month — ab nächsten Monat

2) (set out) aufbrechen

3) (make sudden movement) aufschrecken

start with pain/surprise — vor Schmerz/Überraschung auffahren

start from one's chair — von seinem Stuhl hochfahren

4) (begin to function) anlaufen; [Auto, Motor usw.:] anspringen
2. transitive verb
1) (begin) beginnen [mit]

start school — in die Schule kommen

start work — mit der Arbeit beginnen (on an + Dat.); (after leaving school) zu arbeiten anfangen

start doing or to do something — [damit] anfangen, etwas zu tun

2) (cause) auslösen; anfangen [Streit, Schlägerei]; legen [Brand]; (accidentally) verursachen [Brand]

3) (set up) ins Leben rufen [Organisation, Projekt]; aufmachen [Laden, Geschäft]; gründen [Verein, Firma, Zeitung]

4) (switch on) einschalten; starten, anlassen [Motor, Auto]

5)

start somebody doing something — jemanden anfangen lassen, etwas zu tun

start somebody drinking/coughing/laughing — jemanden zum Trinken/Husten/Lachen bringen

start somebody on a diet — jemanden auf Diät (Akk.) setzen

start somebody in business/a trade — jemandem die Gründung eines Geschäfts ermöglichen/jemanden in ein Handwerk einführen

6) (Sport)

start a race — ein Rennen starten

start a football match — ein Fußballspiel anpfeifen
3. noun
1) Anfang, der; Beginn, der; (of race) Start, der

from the start — von Anfang an

from start to finish — von Anfang bis Ende

at the start — am Anfang

at the start of the war/day — bei Kriegsbeginn/zum Tagesanfang

make a start — anfangen (on, with mit); (on journey) aufbrechen

get off to or make a good/slow/poor start — einen guten/langsamen/schlechten Start haben

for a start — (coll.) zunächst einmal

2) (Sport): (starting-place) Start, der

3) (Sport): (advantage) Vorsprung, der

give somebody [a] 60 metres start — jemandem eine Vorgabe von 60 Metern geben

have a start over or on somebody/something — (fig.) einen Vorsprung vor jemandem/etwas haben

4) (jump)

she remembered or realized with a start that... — sie schreckte zusammen, als ihr einfiel, dass...

give somebody [a] start — jemandem einen Schreck einjagen

Phrasal Verbs:

- start off

- start out

- start up

* * *

n.

Anfang -ë m.

Auftakt -e m.

Beginn -e m.

Start -s m. (for) v.

aufbrechen (nach) v.

beginnen v.

(§ p.,pp.: begann, begonnen) (pick) a quarrel with expr.

Streit anfangen mit ausdr. (engines) v.

anlassen v. v.

anfangen v.

English-german dictionary > START
19 start

1. intransitive verb
1) (begin) anfangen; beginnen (oft geh.)

start on something — etwas beginnen

start with something/somebody — bei od. mit etwas/jemandem anfangen

prices start at ten dollars — die Preise beginnen bei zehn Dollar

start at the beginning — am Anfang beginnen

to start with — zuerst od. zunächst einmal

starting from next month — ab nächsten Monat

2) (set out) aufbrechen

3) (make sudden movement) aufschrecken

start with pain/surprise — vor Schmerz/Überraschung auffahren

start from one's chair — von seinem Stuhl hochfahren

4) (begin to function) anlaufen; [Auto, Motor usw.:] anspringen
2. transitive verb
1) (begin) beginnen [mit]

start school — in die Schule kommen

start work — mit der Arbeit beginnen (on an + Dat.); (after leaving school) zu arbeiten anfangen

start doing or to do something — [damit] anfangen, etwas zu tun

2) (cause) auslösen; anfangen [Streit, Schlägerei]; legen [Brand]; (accidentally) verursachen [Brand]

3) (set up) ins Leben rufen [Organisation, Projekt]; aufmachen [Laden, Geschäft]; gründen [Verein, Firma, Zeitung]

4) (switch on) einschalten; starten, anlassen [Motor, Auto]

5)

start somebody doing something — jemanden anfangen lassen, etwas zu tun

start somebody drinking/coughing/laughing — jemanden zum Trinken/Husten/Lachen bringen

start somebody on a diet — jemanden auf Diät (Akk.) setzen

start somebody in business/a trade — jemandem die Gründung eines Geschäfts ermöglichen/jemanden in ein Handwerk einführen

6) (Sport)

start a race — ein Rennen starten

start a football match — ein Fußballspiel anpfeifen
3. noun
1) Anfang, der; Beginn, der; (of race) Start, der

from the start — von Anfang an

from start to finish — von Anfang bis Ende

at the start — am Anfang

at the start of the war/day — bei Kriegsbeginn/zum Tagesanfang

make a start — anfangen (on, with mit); (on journey) aufbrechen

get off to or make a good/slow/poor start — einen guten/langsamen/schlechten Start haben

for a start — (coll.) zunächst einmal

2) (Sport): (starting-place) Start, der

3) (Sport): (advantage) Vorsprung, der

give somebody [a] 60 metres start — jemandem eine Vorgabe von 60 Metern geben

have a start over or on somebody/something — (fig.) einen Vorsprung vor jemandem/etwas haben

4) (jump)

she remembered or realized with a start that... — sie schreckte zusammen, als ihr einfiel, dass...

give somebody [a] start — jemandem einen Schreck einjagen

Phrasal Verbs:

- academic.ru/70368/start_off">start off

- start out

- start up

* * *
I 1. verb
1) (to leave or begin a journey: We shall have to start at 5.30 a.m. in order to get to the boat in time.) aufbrechen

2) (to begin: He starts working at six o'clock every morning; She started to cry; She starts her new job next week; Haven't you started (on) your meal yet?; What time does the play start?) anfangen

3) (to (cause an engine etc to) begin to work: I can't start the car; The car won't start; The clock stopped but I started it again.) anlassen, anspringen

4) (to cause something to begin or begin happening etc: One of the students decided to start a college magazine.) gründen
2. noun
1) (the beginning of an activity, journey, race etc: I told him at the start that his idea would not succeed; The runners lined up at the start; He stayed in the lead after a good start; I shall have to make a start on that work.) der Anfang, der Start

2) (in a race etc, the advantage of beginning before or further forward than others, or the amount of time, distance etc gained through this: The youngest child in the race got a start of five metres; The driver of the stolen car already had twenty minutes' start before the police began the pursuit.) der Vorsprung

•

- starter
- starting-point
- for a start
- get off to a good
- bad start
- start off
- start out
- start up
- to start with II 1. verb
(to jump or jerk suddenly because of fright, surprise etc: The sudden noise made me start.) aufschrecken
2. noun
1) (a sudden movement of the body: He gave a start of surprise.) das Auffahren

2) (a shock: What a start the news gave me!) der Schreck

* * *

START

[stɑ:t, AM stɑ:rt]

abbrev of Strategic Arms Reduction Talks/Treaty START[-Vertrag m]

* * *
[stAːt] abbr START(-Vertrag) m
* * *

start [stɑː(r)t]

A s

1. Start m (auch fig):

at the start am Start ( → A 4);

from the start SPORT vom Start weg ( → A 4);

from start to finish SPORT vom Start bis zum Ziel ( → A 4);

have a good (bad) start SPORT gut (schlecht) wegkommen;

start house (Skisport) Starthaus n;

(high, low) start number (hohe, niedrige) Startnummer;

start in life

a) Eintritt m oder Start ins Leben,

b) Starthilfe f, (berufliche) Förderung;

give sb a start (in life) jemandem beim Eintritt ins Leben behilflich sein; → false start

2. Startzeichen n (auch fig):

give the start

3. a) Aufbruch m

b) Abreise f

c) Abfahrt f

d) FLUG Abflug m, Start m

e) Abmarsch m

4. Beginn m, Anfang m:

at the start am Anfang ( → A 1);

for a start erstens;

(right) from the start von (allem) Anfang an ( → A 1);

from start to finish von Anfang bis Ende ( → A 1);

what a start to the day! der Tag fängt ja schon gut an!;

make a fresh start einen neuen Anfang machen, noch einmal von vorn anfangen; → battle Bes Redew, get off B 1

5. SPORT

a) Vorgabe f:

give sb 10 yards start jemandem 10 Yards vorgeben

b) Vorsprung m (auch fig):

get ( oder have) the start of one’s rivals seinen Rivalen zuvorkommen

6. a) Auffahren n, -schrecken n, Zusammenfahren n

b) Schreck m:

give a start → B 9;

give sb a start jemanden auf- oder erschrecken;

with a start erschrocken;

wake up with a start aus dem Schlaf aufschrecken

7. (neuer) Anlauf, Ruck m: → fit² 2

8. umg Überraschung f

9. a) Anwandlung f, Laune f

b) Ausbruch m

c) (Geistes)Blitz m

B v/i

1. sich auf den Weg machen, aufbrechen, sich aufmachen ( alle:

for nach):

start on a journey eine Reise antreten

2. a) abfahren, abgehen (Zug)

b) SCHIFF auslaufen (Schiff)

c) FLUG abfliegen, starten ( alle:

for nach)

d) SPORT starten

3. AUTO, TECH anspringen (Motor), anlaufen (Maschine):

my car wouldn’t start mein Wagen ist nicht angesprungen

4. anfangen, beginnen ( beide:

on mit einer Arbeit etc;

on doing damit, etwas zu tun):

now, don’t you start! umg fang (doch) nicht schon wieder (damit) an!;

start in business ein Geschäft anfangen oder eröffnen;

start on a book mit einem Buch anfangen;

start on a packet eine Packung anbrechen;

start with (Redew)

a) erstens, als Erstes,

b) zunächst,

c) um es gleich zu sagen;

… start with GASTR … als Vorspeise;

he started by explaining to us that … er erklärte uns zunächst einmal, dass …;

he started saying that … er legte mit der Bemerkung los, dass …

5. fig ausgehen ( from von einem Gedanken etc)

6. entstehen, aufkommen

7. (los)stürzen ( for auf akk):

start back a. fig zurückweichen, -schrecken ( beide:

from vor dat)

8. aufspringen ( from von seinem Platz etc)

9. a) auffahren, hochschrecken

b) zusammenfahren, -zucken ( beide:

at vor dat, bei einem Geräusch etc)

10. stutzen (at bei)

11. aus den Höhlen treten (Augen):

his eyes seemed to start from their sockets die Augen quollen ihm fast aus dem Kopf

12. (hervor-)quellen ( from aus) (Blut, Tränen)

13. sich (los)lösen oder lockern

C v/t

1. in Gang oder Bewegung setzen, in Gang bringen, TECH auch anlassen:

start a fire ein Feuer anzünden oder in Gang bringen;

start something

a) etwas unternehmen,

b) umg etwas anrichten;

I can’t get my car started mein Wagen springt nicht an

2. a) einen Vorgang einleiten

b) eine Akte etc anlegen (on über akk)

3. a) einen Brief, Streit etc anfangen, beginnen:

start work(ing) zu arbeiten anfangen

b) eine Aktion starten

c) einen Betrieb etc gründen, aufmachen, ins Leben rufen:

start a family eine Familie gründen

4. a) eine Frage aufwerfen

b) ein Thema anschneiden

c) ein Gerücht in Umlauf setzen

5. jemandem zu einem Start verhelfen (in in dat)

6. SPORT

a) Läufer, Pferde etc starten (lassen)

b) einen Läufer, ein Pferd etc aufstellen, nominieren, an den Start schicken

7. einen Zug abfahren lassen

8. jemanden schicken ( on a voyage auf eine Reise; to nach, zu)

9. jemanden veranlassen ( doing zu tun):

this started her talking das brachte sie zum Reden

10. lockern, lösen

11. JAGD aufstöbern, aufscheuchen

* * *
1. intransitive verb
1) (begin) anfangen; beginnen (oft geh.)

start on something — etwas beginnen

start with something/somebody — bei od. mit etwas/jemandem anfangen

prices start at ten dollars — die Preise beginnen bei zehn Dollar

start at the beginning — am Anfang beginnen

to start with — zuerst od. zunächst einmal

starting from next month — ab nächsten Monat

2) (set out) aufbrechen

3) (make sudden movement) aufschrecken

start with pain/surprise — vor Schmerz/Überraschung auffahren

start from one's chair — von seinem Stuhl hochfahren

4) (begin to function) anlaufen; [Auto, Motor usw.:] anspringen
2. transitive verb
1) (begin) beginnen [mit]

start school — in die Schule kommen

start work — mit der Arbeit beginnen (on an + Dat.); (after leaving school) zu arbeiten anfangen

start doing or to do something — [damit] anfangen, etwas zu tun

2) (cause) auslösen; anfangen [Streit, Schlägerei]; legen [Brand]; (accidentally) verursachen [Brand]

3) (set up) ins Leben rufen [Organisation, Projekt]; aufmachen [Laden, Geschäft]; gründen [Verein, Firma, Zeitung]

4) (switch on) einschalten; starten, anlassen [Motor, Auto]

5)

start somebody doing something — jemanden anfangen lassen, etwas zu tun

start somebody drinking/coughing/laughing — jemanden zum Trinken/Husten/Lachen bringen

start somebody on a diet — jemanden auf Diät (Akk.) setzen

start somebody in business/a trade — jemandem die Gründung eines Geschäfts ermöglichen/jemanden in ein Handwerk einführen

6) (Sport)

start a race — ein Rennen starten

start a football match — ein Fußballspiel anpfeifen
3. noun
1) Anfang, der; Beginn, der; (of race) Start, der

from the start — von Anfang an

from start to finish — von Anfang bis Ende

at the start — am Anfang

at the start of the war/day — bei Kriegsbeginn/zum Tagesanfang

make a start — anfangen (on, with mit); (on journey) aufbrechen

get off to or make a good/slow/poor start — einen guten/langsamen/schlechten Start haben

for a start — (coll.) zunächst einmal

2) (Sport): (starting-place) Start, der

3) (Sport): (advantage) Vorsprung, der

give somebody [a] 60 metres start — jemandem eine Vorgabe von 60 Metern geben

have a start over or on somebody/something — (fig.) einen Vorsprung vor jemandem/etwas haben

4) (jump)

she remembered or realized with a start that... — sie schreckte zusammen, als ihr einfiel, dass...

give somebody [a] start — jemandem einen Schreck einjagen

Phrasal Verbs:

- start off

- start out

- start up

* * *

n.

Anfang -ë m.

Auftakt -e m.

Beginn -e m.

Start -s m. (for) v.

aufbrechen (nach) v.

beginnen v.

(§ p.,pp.: begann, begonnen) (pick) a quarrel with expr.

Streit anfangen mit ausdr. (engines) v.

anlassen v. v.

anfangen v.

English-german dictionary > start
20 near

1. adverb
1) (at a short distance) nah[e]

stand/live [quite] near — [ganz] in der Nähe stehen/wohnen

come or draw near/nearer — [Tag, Zeitpunkt:] nahen/näherrücken

get nearer together — näher zusammenrücken

near at hand — in Reichweite (Dat.); [Ort] ganz in der Nähe

be near at hand — [Ereignis:] nahe bevorstehen

so near and yet so far — so nah und doch so fern

2) (closely)

near to = 2 a, b, c; we were near to being drowned — wir wären fast od. beinah[e] ertrunken
2. preposition
1) (in space) (position) nahe an/bei (+ Dat.); (motion) nahe an (+ Akk.); (fig.) nahe (geh.) nachgestellt (+ Dat.); in der Nähe (+ Gen.)

go near the water's edge — nahe ans Ufer gehen

keep near me — halte dich od. bleib in meiner Nähe

near where... — in der Nähe od. unweit der Stelle (Gen.), wo...

move it nearer her — rücke es näher zu ihr

don't stand so near the fire — geh nicht so nahe od. dicht an das Feuer

when we got nearer Oxford — als wir in die Nähe von Oxford kamen

wait till we're nearer home — warte, bis wir nicht mehr so weit von zu Hause weg sind

don't come near me — komm mir nicht zu nahe

it's near here — es ist hier in der Nähe

the man near/nearest you — der Mann, der bei dir/der dir am nächsten steht

2) (in quality)

nobody comes anywhere near him at swimming — im Schwimmen kommt bei weitem keiner an ihn heran

we're no nearer solving the problem — wir sind der Lösung des Problems nicht nähergekommen

3) (in time)

ask me again nearer the time — frag mich, wenn der Zeitpunkt etwas näher gerückt ist, noch einmal

it's drawing near Christmas — es geht auf Weihnachten zu

come back nearer 8 o'clock — komm kurz vor 8 Uhr noch einmal zurück

near the end/the beginning of something — gegen Ende/zu Anfang einer Sache (Gen.)

4) in comb. Beinahe[unfall, -zusammenstoß, -katastrophe]

near-hysterical — fast hysterisch

be in a state of near-collapse — kurz vor dem Zusammenbruch stehen

a near-miracle — fast od. beinahe ein Wunder
3. adjective
1) (in space or time) nahe

in the near future — in nächster Zukunft

the chair is nearer — der Stuhl steht näher

our nearest neighbours — unsere nächsten Nachbarn

2) (closely related) nahe [Verwandte]; eng [Freund]

near and dear — lieb und teuer

3) (in nature) fast richtig [Vermutung]; groß [Ähnlichkeit]

£30 or near/nearest offer — 30 Pfund oder nächstbestes Angebot

this is the nearest equivalent — dies entspricht dem am ehesten

that's the nearest you'll get to an answer — eine weitergehende Antwort wirst du nicht bekommen

near escape — Entkommen mit knapper Not

round it up to the nearest penny — runde es auf den nächsthöheren Pfennigbetrag

be a near miss — [Schuss, Wurf:] knapp danebengehen

that was a near miss — (escape) das war aber knapp!

4)

the near side — (Brit.) (travelling on the left/right) die linke/rechte Seite

5) (direct)

4 miles by the nearest road — 4 Meilen auf dem kürzesten Wege
4. transitive verb
sich nähern (+ Dat.)

the building is nearing completion — das Gebäude steht kurz vor seiner Vollendung

* * *
[niə] 1. adjective
1) (not far away in place or time: The station is quite near; Christmas is getting near.) nahe

2) (not far away in relationship: He is a near relation.) nahe
2. adverb
1) (to or at a short distance from here or the place mentioned: He lives quite near.) nahe

2) ((with to) close to: Don't sit too near to the window.) nahe
3. preposition
(at a very small distance from (in place, time etc): She lives near the church; It was near midnight when they arrived.) nahe
4. verb
(to come near (to): The roads became busier as they neared the town; as evening was nearing.) sich nähren

- academic.ru/49300/nearly">nearly
- nearness
- nearby
- nearside
- near-sighted
- a near miss
* * *

near

[nɪəʳ, AM nɪr]

I. adj

1. (close in space) nahe, in der Nähe

where's the \nearest phone box? wo ist die nächste Telefonzelle?

in the \near distance [ganz] in der Nähe

2. (close in time) nahe

in the \near future in der nahen Zukunft

3. (most similar)

▪ \nearest am nächsten

walking in these boots is the \nearest thing to floating on air in diesen Stiefeln läuft man fast wie auf Watte

this was the \nearest equivalent to cottage cheese I could find von allem, was ich auftreiben konnte, ist das hier Hüttenkäse am ähnlichsten

he rounded up the sum to the \nearest dollar er rundete die Summe auf den nächsten Dollar auf

4. attr (close to being)

he was in a state of \near despair er war der Verzweiflung nahe

that's a \near certainty/impossibility das ist so gut wie sicher/unmöglich

a \near catastrophe/collision eine Beinahekatastrophe/ein Beinahezusammenstoß m

5. attr (person) nahe, eng

he's a \near neighbour er gehört zu der unmittelbaren Nachbarschaft

\near relative enge[r] [o nahe[r]] Verwandte[r]

his \nearest and dearest ( hum) seine Lieben hum

6. attr BRIT, AUS AUTO, TRANSP (nearside) auf der Beifahrerseite präd, nach n

7.

▶ a \near thing:

that was a \near thing! it could have been a disaster das war aber knapp! es hätte ein Unglück geben können

she won in the end but it was a \near thing am Ende hat sie doch noch gewonnen, aber es war knapp

II. adv

1. (close in space) nahe

do you live somewhere \near? wohnst du hier irgendwo in der Nähe?

I wish we lived \nearer ich wünschte, wir würden näher beieinanderwohnen

I was standing just \near enough to hear what he was saying ich stand gerade nah genug, um zu hören, was er sagte

\near at hand object in [unmittelbarer] Reichweite; place [ganz] in der Nähe

2. (close in time) nahe

to draw [or get] \near näher rücken

the time is drawing \nearer die Zeit rückt näher

3. (almost) beinahe, fast

a \near perfect performance eine fast perfekte Vorstellung

I \near fell out or the chair ich wäre beinahe vom Stuhl gefallen

as \near as:

as \near as he could recall, the burglar had been tall soweit er sich erinnern konnte, war der Einbrecher groß gewesen

I'm as \near certain as can be ich bin mir so gut wie sicher

there were about 60 people at the party, as \near as I could judge ich schätze, es waren so um die 60 Leute auf der Party

\near enough ( fam) fast, beinahe

she's been here 10 years, \near enough sie ist seit 10 Jahren hier, so ungefähr jedenfalls

they're the same age or \near enough sie haben so ungefähr dasselbe Alter

nowhere [or not anywhere] \near bei Weitem nicht

his income is nowhere \near enough to live on sein Einkommen reicht bei Weitem nicht zum Leben [aus]

he's not anywhere \near as [or so] tall as his sister er ist längst nicht so groß wie seine Schwester

4.

▶ as \near as dammit [or damn it] BRIT ( fam)

it will cost £200, or as \near as dammit so Pi mal Daumen gerechnet wird es etwa 200 Pfund kosten

III. prep

1. (in proximity to)

▪ \near [to] nahe [bei] + dat

he stood \near her er stand nahe [o dicht] bei ihr

do you live \near here? wohnen Sie hier in der Nähe?

we live quite \near [to] a school wir wohnen in unmittelbarer Nähe einer Schule

the house was nowhere \near the port das Haus lag nicht mal in der Nähe des Hafens

don't come too \near me, you might catch my cold komm mir nicht zu nahe, du könntest dich mit meiner Erkältung anstecken

which bus stop is \nearest [to] your house? welche Bushaltestelle ist von deinem Haus aus die nächste?

go and sit \nearer [to] the fire komm, setz dich näher ans Feuer

there's a car park \near the factory bei [o in der Nähe] der Fabrik gibt es einen Parkplatz

2. (almost time of)

I shan't be home till some time \near midnight ich werde erst so um Mitternacht zurück sein

it's nowhere \near time for us to leave yet es ist noch längst nicht Zeit für uns zu gehen

I'm nowhere \near finishing the book ich habe das Buch noch längst nicht ausgelesen

details will be given \near the date die Einzelheiten werden kurz vor dem Termin bekanntgegeben

his birthday is very \near Easter er hat kurz vor Ostern Geburtstag

I'll think about it \nearer [to] the time wenn die Zeit reif ist, dann werde ich drüber nachdenken

\near the end of the war gegen Kriegsende

3. (close to a state) nahe

we came \near to being killed wir wären beinahe getötet worden

they came \near to blows over the election results sie hätten sich fast geprügelt wegen der Wahlergebnisse

\near to starvation/dehydration nahe dem Verhungern/Verdursten

\near to tears den Tränen nahe

4. (similar in quantity or quality)

he's \nearer 70 than 60 er ist eher 70 als 60

this colour is \nearest [to] the original diese Farbe kommt dem Original am nächsten

nobody else comes \near him in cooking was das Kochen angeht, da kommt keiner an ihn ran

5. (about ready to)

▪ to be \near to doing sth nahe daran sein, etw akk zu tun

I am \near to losing my temper ich verliere gleich die Geduld

he came \near to punching him er hätte ihn beinahe geschlagen

6. (like)

he felt something \near envy er empfand so etwas wie Neid

what he said was nothing \near the truth was er sagte, entsprach nicht im Entferntesten der Wahrheit

7. (almost amount of) annähernd, fast

it weighed \near to a pound es wog etwas weniger als ein Pfund

temperatures \near 30 degrees Temperaturen von etwas unter 30 Grad

profits fell from £8 million to \nearer £6 million die Gewinne sind von 8 Millionen auf gerade mal 6 Millionen zurückgegangen

IV. vt

▪ to \near sth sich akk etw dat nähern, etw dat näher kommen

we \neared the top of the mountain wir kamen dem Gipfel des Berges immer näher

to \near completion kurz vor der Vollendung stehen

sb \nears his/her end ( liter) jds Ende naht euph

V. vi sich akk nähern, näher kommen [o rücken]

lunchtime is \nearing es ist bald Mittagszeit

as Christmas \neared, little Susan became more and more excited als Weihnachten nahte, wurde die kleine Susan immer aufgeregter

* * *
[nɪə(r)] (+er)
1. ADVERB

1) = close in space or time nahe

he lives quite near — er wohnt ganz in der Nähe

don't sit/stand so near — setzen Sie sich/stehen Sie nicht so nahe (daran)

you live nearer/nearest — du wohnst näher/am nächsten

to move/come nearer — näher kommen

could you move nearer together? — könnten Sie näher or enger zusammenrücken?

that was the nearest I ever got to seeing him — da hätte ich ihn fast gesehen

this is the nearest I can get to solving the problem — besser kann ich das Problem nicht lösen

that's the nearest I ever got to being fired — da hätte nicht viel gefehlt und ich wäre rausgeworfen worden

the nearer it gets to the election, the more they look like losing — je näher die Wahl kommt or rückt, desto mehr sieht es danach aus, dass sie verlieren werden __diams; to be near at hand zur Hand sein; (shops) in der Nähe sein; (help) ganz nahe sein; (event) unmittelbar bevorstehen

2) = closely, accurately genau

as near as I can tell —

the same size as near as dammit (inf) — fast genau die gleiche Größe

(that's) near enough — so gehts ungefähr, das haut so ungefähr hin (inf)

... no, but near enough —... nein, aber es ist nicht weit davon entfernt

there were near enough 60 people at the party — es waren knapp 60 Leute auf der Party

they're the same length or as near as makes no difference — sie sind so gut wie gleich lang

it's as near stopped as makes no difference — es hat so gut wie aufgehört

3) = almost fast, beinahe; impossible nahezu, fast; dead nahezu

he very near succeeded — fast or beinahe wäre es ihm gelungen

4)

in negative statements it's nowhere near enough — das ist bei Weitem nicht genug

it's nowhere near right — das ist weit gefehlt

we're not any nearer (to) solving the problem — wir sind der Lösung des Problems kein bisschen näher gekommen

we're nowhere or not anywhere near finishing the book —

nowhere near as much — lange or bei Weitem nicht so viel

you are nowhere or not anywhere near the truth — das ist weit gefehlt, du bist weit von der Wahrheit entfernt

he is nowhere or not anywhere near as clever as you — er ist lange or bei Weitem nicht so klug wie du

2. PREPOSITION
(also ADV: near to)
1) = close to position nahe an (+dat), nahe (+dat); (with motion) nahe an (+acc); (= in the vicinity of) in der Nähe von or +gen; (with motion) in die Nähe von or +gen

to get near (to) the church — in die Nähe der Kirche kommen

he lives near (to) the border — er wohnt in der Nähe der Grenze or nahe der Grenze

the hotel is very near (to) the station — das Hotel liegt ganz in der Nähe des Bahnhofs

move the chair near/nearer (to) the table — rücken Sie den Stuhl an den/näher an den Tisch

to get near/nearer (to) sb/sth — nahe/näher an jdn/etw herankommen

to stand near/nearer (to) the table — nahe/näher am Tisch stehen

he won't go near anything illegal —

when we got near (to) the house — als wir an das Haus herankamen or in die Nähe des Hauses kamen

when we are nearer home — wenn wir nicht mehr so weit von zu Hause weg sind

keep near me — bleib in meiner Nähe

near here/there — hier/dort in der Nähe

don't come near me — komm mir nicht zu nahe

near (to) where I had seen him — nahe der Stelle, wo ich ihn gesehen hatte

to be nearest to sth — einer Sache (dat) am nächsten sein

take the chair nearest (to) you/the table — nehmen Sie den Stuhl direkt neben Ihnen/dem Tisch

that's nearer it —

the adaptation is very near (to) the original — die Bearbeitung hält sich eng ans Original

to be near (to) sb's heart or sb — jdm am Herzen liegen

to be near (to) the knuckle or bone (joke) — gewagt sein; (remark) hart an der Grenze sein

2) = close in time with time stipulated gegen

near (to) death — dem Tode nahe

she is near her time — es ist bald so weit (bei ihr)

near (to) the appointed time — um die ausgemachte Zeit herum

phone again nearer (to) Christmas — rufen Sie vor Weihnachten noch einmal an

come back nearer (to) 3 o'clock —

on the Wednesday nearest Easter — am Mittwoch (direkt) vor Ostern

to be nearer/nearest (to) sth — einer Sache (dat) zeitlich näher liegen/am nächsten liegen

near (to) the end of my stay/the play/the book — gegen Ende meines Aufenthalts/des Stücks/des Buchs

I'm near (to) the end of the book — ich habe das Buch fast zu Ende gelesen

she's near (to) the end of her stay — ihr Aufenthalt ist fast zu Ende or vorbei

her birthday is near (to) mine — ihr und mein Geburtstag liegen nahe beieinander

the sun was near (to) setting —

it is drawing near (to) Christmas — es geht auf Weihnachten zu

as it drew near/nearer (to) his departure — als seine Abreise heranrückte/näher heranrückte

3)

= on the point of to be near (to) doing sth — nahe daran sein, etw zu tun

to be near (to) tears/despair etc — den Tränen/der Verzweiflung etc nahe sein

she was near (to) laughing out loud — sie hätte beinahe laut gelacht

the project is near/nearer (to) completion —

he came near to ruining his chances — er hätte sich seine Chancen beinahe verdorben, es hätte nicht viel gefehlt, und er hätte sich seine Chancen verdorben

we were near to being drowned — wir waren dem Ertrinken nahe, wir wären beinahe ertrunken

4) = similar to ähnlich (+dat)

German is nearer (to) Dutch than English is — Deutsch ist dem Holländischen ähnlicher als Englisch

it's the same thing or near it —

nobody comes anywhere near him at swimming (inf) — im Schwimmen kann es niemand mit ihm aufnehmen (inf)

3. ADJECTIVE

1) = close in space or time nahe

to be near (person, object) — in der Nähe sein; (danger, end, help) nahe sein; (event, departure, festival) bevorstehen

to be very near — ganz in der Nähe sein; (in time) nahe or unmittelbar bevorstehen; (danger etc) ganz nahe sein

to be nearer/nearest — näher/am nächsten sein; (event etc) zeitlich näher/am nächsten liegen

it looks very near —

our nearest neighbours are 5 miles away — unsere nächsten Nachbarn sind 5 Meilen entfernt

these glasses make things look nearer — diese Brille lässt alles näher erscheinen

his answer was nearer than mine/nearest — seine Antwort traf eher zu als meine/traf die Sachlage am ehesten

when death is so near — wenn man dem Tod nahe ist

these events are still very near —

the hour is near (when...) (old) her hour was near (old) — die Stunde ist nahe(, da...) (old) ihre Stunde war nahe (old)

2) fig escape knapp

a near disaster/accident — beinahe or fast ein Unglück nt/ein Unfall m

his nearest rival — sein schärfster Rivale, seine schärfste Rivalin

our nearest competition — unsere stärkste Konkurrenz

to be in a state of near collapse/hysteria — am Rande eines Zusammenbruchs/der Hysterie sein

round up the figure to the nearest pound — runden Sie die Zahl auf das nächste Pfund auf

£50 or nearest offer (Comm) — Verhandlungsbasis £ 50

we'll sell it for £50, or nearest offer — wir verkaufen es für £ 50 oder das nächstbeste Angebot

the nearest in line to the throne — der unmittelbare Thronfolger

this is the nearest equivalent — das kommt dem am Nächsten

this is the nearest translation you'll get — besser kann man es kaum übersetzen, diese Übersetzung trifft es noch am ehesten

that's the nearest thing you'll get to a compliment/an answer — ein besseres Kompliment/eine bessere Antwort kannst du kaum erwarten

3) = closely related, intimate relation nah; friend nah, vertraut

my nearest and dearest — meine Lieben

a near and dear friend — ein lieber und teurer Freund

4. TRANSITIVE VERB
sich nähern (+dat)
he was nearing his end — sein Leben neigte sich dem Ende zu

to be nearing sth (fig) — auf etw (acc) zugehen

she was nearing fifty — sie ging auf die Fünfzig zu

to near completion — kurz vor dem Abschluss stehen

5. INTRANSITIVE VERB
(time, event) näher rücken
the time is nearing when... — die Zeit rückt näher, da...

* * *

near [nıə(r)]

A adv

1. nahe, (ganz) in der Nähe, dicht dabei

2. nahe (bevorstehend) (Zeitpunkt, Ereignis etc)

3. nahe (heran), näher:

he stepped near

4. nahezu, beinahe, fast:

£1,000 is not anywhere near enough 1000 Pfund sind bei Weitem nicht genug oder sind auch nicht annähernd genug;

not anywhere near as bad as nicht annähernd so schlecht wie, bei Weitem nicht so schlecht wie

5. obs sparsam:

live near sparsam oder kärglich leben

6. fig eng (verwandt, befreundet etc)

7. SCHIFF hart (am Winde):

sail near to the wind

B adj (adv → nearly)

1. nahe (gelegen), in der Nähe:

the nearest place der nächstgelegene Ort

2. kurz, nahe:

the nearest way der kürzeste Weg

3. nahe (Zeitpunkt, Ereignis etc):

Christmas is near;

the near future

4. nahe (verwandt):

the nearest relations die nächsten Verwandten

5. eng (befreundet oder vertraut):

a near friend ein guter oder enger Freund;

my nearest and dearest friend mein bester Freund;

my nearest and dearest meine Lieben

6. knapp:

we had a near escape wir sind mit knapper Not entkommen;

near miss FLUG, AUTO Beinahe-, Fastzusammenstoß m;

be a near miss

a) knapp danebengehen (Schuss etc),

b) fig knapp scheitern;

that was a near thing umg das hätte ins Auge gehen können, das ist gerade noch einmal gut gegangen

7. genau, wörtlich, wortgetreu (Übersetzung etc)

8. umg knaus(e)rig

C präp

1. nahe (dat), in der oder die Nähe von (oder gen), nahe an (dat) oder bei, unweit (gen):

near sb in jemandes Nähe;

a house near the station ein Haus in Bahnhofsnähe;

get near the end of one’s career sich dem Ende seiner Laufbahn nähern;

near completion der Vollendung nahe, nahezu fertiggestellt;

near here

a) nicht weit von hier,

b) hier in der Nähe;

his opinion is very near my own wir sind fast der gleichen Meinung;

be near doing sth nahe daran sein, etwas zu tun; → bone¹ A 1

2. (zeitlich) nahe, nicht weit von

D v/t & v/i sich nähern, näher kommen (dat):

be nearing completion der Vollendung entgegengehenBesondere Redewendungen: near at hand

a) → A 1,

b) → A 2 near by → nearby A;

come ( oder go) near to

a) sich ungefähr belaufen auf (akk),

b) einer Sache sehr nahe oder fast gleichkommen, fast etwas sein she came near to tears sie war den Tränen nahe, sie hätte fast geweint;

come ( oder go) near to doing sth etwas fast oder beinahe tun;

not come near to sth in keinem Verhältnis stehen zu etwas; → draw near, nowhere A 3

nr abk near

* * *
1. adverb
1) (at a short distance) nah[e]

stand/live [quite] near — [ganz] in der Nähe stehen/wohnen

come or draw near/nearer — [Tag, Zeitpunkt:] nahen/näherrücken

get nearer together — näher zusammenrücken

near at hand — in Reichweite (Dat.); [Ort] ganz in der Nähe

be near at hand — [Ereignis:] nahe bevorstehen

so near and yet so far — so nah und doch so fern

2) (closely)

near to = 2 a, b, c; we were near to being drowned — wir wären fast od. beinah[e] ertrunken
2. preposition
1) (in space) (position) nahe an/bei (+ Dat.); (motion) nahe an (+ Akk.); (fig.) nahe (geh.) nachgestellt (+ Dat.); in der Nähe (+ Gen.)

go near the water's edge — nahe ans Ufer gehen

keep near me — halte dich od. bleib in meiner Nähe

near where... — in der Nähe od. unweit der Stelle (Gen.), wo...

move it nearer her — rücke es näher zu ihr

don't stand so near the fire — geh nicht so nahe od. dicht an das Feuer

when we got nearer Oxford — als wir in die Nähe von Oxford kamen

wait till we're nearer home — warte, bis wir nicht mehr so weit von zu Hause weg sind

don't come near me — komm mir nicht zu nahe

it's near here — es ist hier in der Nähe

the man near/nearest you — der Mann, der bei dir/der dir am nächsten steht

2) (in quality)

nobody comes anywhere near him at swimming — im Schwimmen kommt bei weitem keiner an ihn heran

we're no nearer solving the problem — wir sind der Lösung des Problems nicht nähergekommen

3) (in time)

ask me again nearer the time — frag mich, wenn der Zeitpunkt etwas näher gerückt ist, noch einmal

it's drawing near Christmas — es geht auf Weihnachten zu

come back nearer 8 o'clock — komm kurz vor 8 Uhr noch einmal zurück

near the end/the beginning of something — gegen Ende/zu Anfang einer Sache (Gen.)

4) in comb. Beinahe[unfall, -zusammenstoß, -katastrophe]

near-hysterical — fast hysterisch

be in a state of near-collapse — kurz vor dem Zusammenbruch stehen

a near-miracle — fast od. beinahe ein Wunder
3. adjective
1) (in space or time) nahe

in the near future — in nächster Zukunft

the chair is nearer — der Stuhl steht näher

our nearest neighbours — unsere nächsten Nachbarn

2) (closely related) nahe [Verwandte]; eng [Freund]

near and dear — lieb und teuer

3) (in nature) fast richtig [Vermutung]; groß [Ähnlichkeit]

£30 or near/nearest offer — 30 Pfund oder nächstbestes Angebot

this is the nearest equivalent — dies entspricht dem am ehesten

that's the nearest you'll get to an answer — eine weitergehende Antwort wirst du nicht bekommen

near escape — Entkommen mit knapper Not

round it up to the nearest penny — runde es auf den nächsthöheren Pfennigbetrag

be a near miss — [Schuss, Wurf:] knapp danebengehen

that was a near miss — (escape) das war aber knapp!

4)

the near side — (Brit.) (travelling on the left/right) die linke/rechte Seite

5) (direct)

4 miles by the nearest road — 4 Meilen auf dem kürzesten Wege
4. transitive verb
sich nähern (+ Dat.)

the building is nearing completion — das Gebäude steht kurz vor seiner Vollendung

* * *

adj.

nah adj. prep.

nächst präp.

English-german dictionary > near

Страницы

См. также в других словарях:

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beginning — beginning, genesis, rise, initiation are comparable when they mean the first part or stage of a process or development. Although beginning, often in the plural form beginnings, may mean the point at which a person or thing commences its existence … New Dictionary of Synonyms
beginning — [bi gin′iŋ] n. 1. a starting or commencing 2. the time or place of starting; birth; origin; source [English democracy had its beginning in the Magna Carta] 3. the first part [the beginning of a book] 4. [usually pl.] an early stage or example… … English World dictionary
BEGINNING UNTIL THE MONARCHY — the patriarchs of israel the exodus and wanderings in sinai the conquest and settlement of canaan the judges The Patriarchs of Israel The beginning of the history of Israel, like that of many other nations, is obscure. The passage of time caused… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
place name — noun the name by which a geographical place is known • Syn: ↑toponym • Hypernyms: ↑name • Part Holonyms: ↑troponymy, ↑troponomy * * * place name noun A geographical proper name … Useful english dictionary
beginning — I (New American Roget s College Thesaurus) Starting point Nouns 1. beginning, commencement, opening, outset, incipience, inception; alpha, initial; installation, inauguration, debut; foundation, reaction, initiation; embarkation, rising of the… … English dictionary for students
Beginning — (Roget s Thesaurus) < N PARAG:Beginning >N GRP: N 1 Sgm: N 1 beginning beginning commencement opening outset incipience inception inchoation Sgm: N 1 introduction introduction &c.(precursor) 64 Sgm: N 1 alpha alpha … English dictionary for students
Beginning of pregnancy controversy — Controversy over the beginning of pregnancy usually occurs in the context of the abortion debate.[not verified in body] Depending on where pregnancy is considered to begin, some methods of birth control or infertility treatment might be… … Wikipedia
place — place1 W1S1 [pleıs] n ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ 1¦(area/space/building etc)¦ 2¦(home )¦ 3 take place 4¦(space to sit or put something)¦ 5¦(point in book/speech)¦ 6¦(opportunity to do something)¦ 7¦(role/position)¦ 8 in place 9 in place o … Dictionary of contemporary English
place — [[t]ple͟ɪs[/t]] ♦ places, placing, placed 1) N COUNT: usu with supp A place is any point, building, area, town, or country. ...Temple Mount, the place where the Temple actually stood. ...a list of museums and places of interest... We re going to… … English dictionary
place — placeable, adj. placeless, adj. placelessly, adv. /plays/, n., v., placed, placing. n. 1. a particular portion of space, whether of definite or indefinite extent. 2. space in general: time and place. 3. the specific portion of space normally… … Universalium

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beginning place

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